Similarities and Differences between the "Relativistic" Triad Gold, Platinum, and Mercury in Catalysis

Relativistic effects in the valence shell of the elements reach a maximum in the triad Pt–Au–Hg and determine their catalytic activity in organic reactions. In this Review we examine the catalytic activity of Pt, Au, and Hg compounds for some representative reactions, and discuss the respective bene...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2012-01, Vol.51 (3), p.614-635
Main Authors: Leyva-Pérez, Antonio, Corma, Avelino
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
catalysis
gold
mercury
platinum
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Summary:Relativistic effects in the valence shell of the elements reach a maximum in the triad Pt–Au–Hg and determine their catalytic activity in organic reactions. In this Review we examine the catalytic activity of Pt, Au, and Hg compounds for some representative reactions, and discuss the respective benefits and disadvantages along with other relevant properties, such as toxicity, price, and availability. For the reactions considered, gold catalysts are generally more active than mercury or platinum catalysts. Relatively related: Relativistic effects in the valence shell of the chemical elements reach a maximum in the triad Pt–Au–Hg and influence their catalytic activity in organic reactions. The catalytic activity for some representative reactions is examined together with other relevant properties, such as toxicity, price, and availability. For the reactions considered, gold is generally preferred to mercury or platinum catalysts.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.201101726