Incivility at Academic Conferences: Gender Differences and the Mediating Role of Climate

• Published in: Sex roles 2014-07, Vol.71 (1-2), p.71-82
• Main Authors: Settles, Isis H., O’Connor, Rachel C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Behavior; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Conferences; Conferences (Gatherings); Females; Gender Bias; Gender differences; Gender Discrimination; Gender Studies; Group Membership; Individual Characteristics; Job Satisfaction; Males; Medicine/Public Health; Organizational Climate; Original Article; Outcomes of Education; Psychology; Racial Discrimination; Resistance (Psychology); Sexism; Sociology
• ISSN: 0360-0025; 1573-2762
• DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0355-y

In a survey study of 458 U.S. women and men, we examined experiences of incivility at an academic conference, a context that represents an important extension of the academic/professional workplace. We hypothesized and found that women reported more incivility, perceived the climate to be more sexist, and reported more conference exclusion than men. Counter to our prediction, men and women did not differ in how negatively they viewed the climate or their conference satisfaction. Since incivility may be a subtle form of bias that targets women more than men, women’s experiences of incivility may lead them to view the environment as more sexist. We found support for this, such that the relationship between incivility and sexist climate perceptions were stronger for women than men. Finally, we proposed that incivility would be related to negative conference outcomes through more negative perceptions of the conference climate for both genders, and through sexist climate perceptions only for women. Results of our path analyses indicated that positive, but not sexist, climate perceptions mediated the relationship between incivility and conference satisfaction for both genders. Further, both sexist and positive climate perceptions mediated the relationship between incivility and conference exclusion for both genders. We discuss incivility as a gendered phenomenon related to sexist contexts, as well as reasons for the observed mediated relationships. Additionally, we discuss the significant role that conference experiences may play for women and men in academia and professional settings, and implications for conference organizers.