Differential Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Drought Stress of Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines

ABSTRACT The Virginia–Carolina region is the most important peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production region for the large‐seeded, virginia‐type peanut in the United States, but 85% of the production is rainfed and predisposed to water deficit stress. The mechanisms virginia‐type peanut uses in respon...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Crop science 2014-09, Vol.54 (5), p.2262-2274
Main Authors: Singh, Daljit, Collakova, Eva, Isleib, Thomas G., Welbaum, Gregory E., Tallury, Shyam P., Balota, Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic stress
Agricultural production
Chlorophyll
Cultivars
Drought
Drought resistance
Fatty acids
Flowers & plants
Genetic diversity
Genotypes
Heat
Irrigated farming
Leaves
Legumes
Metabolites
Organic acids
Peanuts
Physiology
Rain
Signal transduction
Studies
Sugar
Water deficit
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Summary:ABSTRACT The Virginia–Carolina region is the most important peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production region for the large‐seeded, virginia‐type peanut in the United States, but 85% of the production is rainfed and predisposed to water deficit stress. The mechanisms virginia‐type peanut uses in response to drought stress are poorly understood. We evaluated several physiological and metabolic characteristics and their relationship with pod yield in eight virginia‐type cultivars and advanced breeding lines in rainfed and irrigated field trials in 2011 and 2012. Each year, evaluations were performed at three sampling dates in conjunction with growth stages beginning flower, pod, and seed. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) genotypic variation in membrane injury, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm ratio), and relative levels of metabolites and lipid‐derived fatty acids was observed in response to water regime and sampling time. In general, in both years, the Fv/Fm ratio, organic acids, and fatty acids decreased in rainfed vs. irrigated plants, while the relative levels of sugar and cyclic polyols increased. Because higher levels of organic acids and lower levels of sugars were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with higher pod yield, we conclude that natural stress responses rather than adaptive mechanisms to drought prevailed for the genotypes used in this study. Based on its minimal changes in the Fv/Fm ratio and metabolite levels of the rainfed vs. irrigated plants, line SPT 06‐07 showed improved tolerance to water deficit stress; this line can be an important source for drought tolerance improvement of the virginia‐type peanut.
ISSN:0011-183X
1435-0653
DOI:10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0606