Applicability of fluidized bed reactor in recalcitrant compound degradation through advanced oxidation processes: A review

• Published in: Journal of environmental management 2014-12, Vol.146, p.260-275
• Main Authors: Tisa, Farhana, Abdul Raman, Abdul Aziz, Wan Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advanced oxidation processes; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Applied sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Bioreactors; Catalysts; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; Cost estimation; Costs and Cost Analysis; Exact sciences and technology; Fluidized bed reactor; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Humans; Oxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Pollutants; Pollution; Sludge; Waste Disposal, Fluid - economics; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Waste water treatment; Wastewaters; Water treatment; Water treatment and pollution
• ISSN: 0301-4797; 1095-8630
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.032

Treatment of industrial waste water (e.g. textile waste water, phenol waste water, pharmaceutical etc) faces limitation in conventional treatment procedures. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) do not suffer from the limits of conventional treatment processes and consequently degrade toxic pollutants more efficiently. Complexity is faced in eradicating the restrictions of AOPs such as sludge formation, toxic intermediates formation and high requirement for oxidants. Increased mass-transfer in AOPs is an alternate solution to this problem. AOPs combined with Fluidized bed reactor (FBR) can be a potential choice compared to fixed bed or moving bed reactor, as AOP catalysts life-span last for only maximum of 5–10 cycles. Hence, FBR-AOPs require lesser operational and maintenance cost by reducing material resources. The time required for AOP can be minimized using FBR and also treatable working volume can be increased. FBR-AOP can process from 1 to 10 L of volume which is 10 times more than simple batch reaction. The mass transfer is higher thus the reaction time is lesser. For having increased mass transfer sludge production can be successfully avoided. The review study suggests that, optimum particle size, catalyst to reactor volume ratio, catalyst diameter and liquid or gas velocity is required for efficient FBR-AOP systems. However, FBR-AOPs are still under lab-scale investigation and for industrial application cost study is needed. Cost of FBR-AOPs highly depends on energy density needed and the mechanism of degradation of the pollutant. The cost of waste water treatment containing azo dyes was found to be US$ 50 to US$ 500 per 1000 gallons where, the cost for treating phenol water was US$ 50 to US$ 800 per 1000 gallons. The analysis for FBR-AOP costs has been found to depend on the targeted pollutant, degradation mechanism (zero order, 1st order and 2nd order) and energy consumptions by the AOPs. •Fluidized bed reactors with advanced oxidation processes (FBR-AOPs) are studied.•Parameters affecting FBR-AOPs have been identified.•Cost analysis was done for different FBR-AOPs in waste water treatment.