Optimal battery sizing for storm-resilient photovoltaic power island systems

[Display omitted] •Known sunlight variability is used to evaluate battery storage for solar power islands.•Procedures are provided that yield system output with confidence level up to 95%.•Tucson, Boulder, and Newark are examined as case-studies to illustrate the procedure. Photovoltaic systems with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Solar energy 2014-11, Vol.109, p.165-173
Main Author: Birnie, Dunbar P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation
Electric currents
Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering
Electrical power engineering
Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells
Energy
Equipments, installations and applications
Exact sciences and technology
Miscellaneous
Natural energy
Photoelectric conversion
Photovoltaic cells
Photovoltaic conversion
Power networks and lines
Solar array resiliency
Solar energy
Solar power storage
System design optimization
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Known sunlight variability is used to evaluate battery storage for solar power islands.•Procedures are provided that yield system output with confidence level up to 95%.•Tucson, Boulder, and Newark are examined as case-studies to illustrate the procedure. Photovoltaic systems with battery storage are analyzed from the perspective that they can operate as a local power island in circumstances of storm-damage or other grid outage. The specific focus is to determine the optimal battery size for a given solar array size, taking into account reasonable day-to-day and seasonal sunlight variations as well as efficiency losses when converting from DC to AC for connection to the grid, or for provision of power during island mode. Three locations in the United States are used as case studies (Newark NJ, Boulder CO, and Tucson AZ). These provide a wide range of sunlight characteristics and illustrate variability factors that will be similar to many locations in continental North America. The analysis of the probability distributions for sunlight brightness then allow for the establishment of a 95% confidence rating for the steady-state power output from a specific combined battery and solar array configuration when faced with a grid interruption. This rating system can be used as a guide for designing systems for future installation.
ISSN:0038-092X
1471-1257
DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2014.08.016