Cumulative Trauma Exposure and High Risk Behavior in Adolescence: Findings From the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set

• Published in: Psychological trauma 2014, Vol.6 (S1), p.S40-S49
• Main Authors: Layne, Christopher M., Greeson, Johanna K. P., Ostrowski, Sarah A., Kim, Soeun, Reading, Stephanie, Vivrette, Rebecca L., Briggs, Ernestine C., Fairbank, John A., Pynoos, Robert S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bereavement; Childhood Adversity; Childhood Development; Experiences (Events); Exposure; Female; Human; Male; Risk Factors; Trauma
• ISSN: 1942-9681; 1942-969X
• DOI: 10.1037/a0037799

Although links between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and problems in adulthood are well-established, less is known regarding links between exposure to trauma during childhood and adolescence and high-risk behavior in adolescence. We tested the hypothesis that cumulative exposure to up to 20 different types of trauma and bereavement/loss incrementally predicts high-risk adolescent behavior beyond demographic variables. Adolescents reporting exposure to at least 1 type of trauma (n = 3,785; mean age = 15.3 years; 62.7% girls) were selected from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set (CDS). Logistic regression analyses tested associations among both demographic variables and number of types of trauma and loss exposure as predictors, and 9 types of high-risk adolescent behavior and functional impairment (attachment difficulties, skipping school, running away from home, substance abuse, suicidality, criminality, self-injury, alcohol use, and victim of sexual exploitation) as criterion variables. As hypothesized, hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that each additional type of trauma exposure significantly increased the odds ratios for each problem behavior (range = 1.06-1.22) after accounting for demographic variables. Some demographic variables (female gender, public insurance eligibility, and older age) were also associated with increased likelihood for some outcomes. Study findings extend previously identified links between childhood trauma and problems later in life to include high-risk behavior and functional impairment during adolescence. The findings underscore the need for a trauma-informed public health approach to systematic screening, prevention, and early intervention for traumatized and bereaved youth in child service systems.