The Characteristics, Occurrence, and Geochemical Behavior of Rare Earth Elements in the Environment: A Review

The increasing number of rare earth elements (REEs) studies in the past decade has been induced by their wider applications in industry, including electronics and high technology. This review presents the brief characteristics of REE, their occurrence in abiotic and biotic systems, and their possibl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in environmental science and technology 2015-03, Vol.45 (5), p.429-471
Main Authors: Migaszewski, Zdzisław M., Gałuszka, Agnieszka
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
characteristics
Electronics
Electronics industry
environmental fate
Environmental quality
geochemical behavior
Geochemistry
Health
High tech industries
Human
occurence
Pollution
Pollution sources
Rare earth elements
Trace elements
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Summary:The increasing number of rare earth elements (REEs) studies in the past decade has been induced by their wider applications in industry, including electronics and high technology. This review presents the brief characteristics of REE, their occurrence in abiotic and biotic systems, and their possible detrimental effects on the environmental quality and human health. This also outlines the REE behavior in different geochemical interactions and the potential for tracing anthropogenic pollution sources.
ISSN:1064-3389
1547-6537
DOI:10.1080/10643389.2013.866622