Human Capital and the Structural Integration of Polish Immigrants in Australia in the First, Second and Third Generations

The Polish diaspora is one of the largest in the world. Australia's 2011 census identifies 48 611 born in Poland and 170 000 claiming Polish ancestry. Using the census, we assess the structural (socio-economic) and spatial integration of the first (Poles who arrived in the post-World War II per...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Australian geographer 2016-04, Vol.47 (2), p.233-248
Main Authors: Forrest, James, Kusek, Weronika
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Australia
Demography
Human capital
Immigration
intergenerational integration
Melbourne
Polish immigrants
Spatial analysis
Urban areas
urban spatial distribution
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Summary:The Polish diaspora is one of the largest in the world. Australia's 2011 census identifies 48 611 born in Poland and 170 000 claiming Polish ancestry. Using the census, we assess the structural (socio-economic) and spatial integration of the first (Poles who arrived in the post-World War II period as largely displaced persons and refugees), second (their children) and third (grandchildren) generations, and compare the first generation with another cohort: the skilled first-generation ('Solidarity') immigrants who arrived in the 1980s and early 1990s. Key OECD indicators of integration-education attainment, proficiency in English, employment status and occupational progression, home ownership, naturalisation, return rates and patterns of residential distribution-are examined. Results point to their successful integration, with high levels of labour market participation, earnings, and naturalisation, levels of spatial integration as exemplified in a Melbourne case study (where the highest proportions of those of Polish birth or ancestry reside), return migration and language retention, and levels of owner-occupied housing (the 'middle-class dream') higher than among Australians generally.
ISSN:0004-9182
1465-3311
DOI:10.1080/00049182.2016.1148103