Sodium fluorescein as an internal tracer on the location of bovine urine patches in pastures

• Published in: Grass and forage science 2016-06, Vol.71 (2), p.305-314
• Main Authors: Gusmão, M. R., Alves, T. C., Lemes, A. P., Bettiol, G. M., Pedroso, A. de F., Barioni Junior, W., Oliveira, P. P. A., Grego, C. R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: administered dose; animal behaviour; application volume; arid lands; beef cattle; dry season; excreta patch; excretion; fluorescein; fluorescence; grazing; internal tracer; irrigation; leaves; livestock; localization of urine; oral administration; pastures; stocking rate; urination; urine
• ISSN: 0142-5242; 1365-2494
• DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12182

Sodium fluorescein (SF) was evaluated and validated as an internal marker in cattle for the location of urine patches in pastures. Three trials were carried out aiming at the following: evaluating the effect of dilution and volume of application on SF fluorescence on the environment; testing dosages and duration of excretion of SF administered orally to cattle; and validating the methodology for SF use on the location of cattle urine patches in pastures. The marker was tested in beef cattle kept on pastures under three grazing systems: degraded pasture under extensive management (De), intensively managed dryland pasture with high stocking rate (Id) and intensively managed irrigated pasture with high stocking rate (Ii). Besides the localization of urination sites, the number of urinations/animal/d and the area covered by urine were also determined. The residue of SF remained fluorescent in the pasture foliage up to 34 h after urination events, allowing the location of urine patches by a black‐light flashlight. There was no difference between grazing systems in the number of urine patches/animal/d during the rainy and dry seasons. The average number of urine patches was approximately 11/animal/d. As expected, the estimated volume and area covered by urine varied according to the stocking density. The chosen SF dose (50 mg kg⁻¹ LW) did not adversely affect the animals when administered once daily during 2 d. However, the same SF dose administered during four consecutive days caused urinary disorder in the animal. The distribution of urine patches was spatially dependent on specific characteristics of the paddock.