Amniotic Fluid, Cells, and Membrane Application

Orthobiologics is a rapidly growing field as the potential of stem cells becomes better understood. Amniotic tissue has a long history of clinical use and its anti-inflammatory and paracrine function make it an attractive source for cells. The use of amniotic membrane for cartilage damage has been e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Operative techniques in sports medicine 2017-03, Vol.25 (1), p.20-24
Main Authors: Friel, Nicole A., MD, de Girolamo, Laura, PhD, Gomoll, Andreas H., MD, Mowry, Katie C., PhD, Vines, Jeremy B., MS, Farr, Jack, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amniotic fluid stem cells
amniotic membrane stem cells
Bone marrow
cartilage
Collagen
Extracellular matrix
Fibroblasts
Growth factors
Membranes
mesenchymal stem cells
Orthopedics
osteoarthritis
Rheumatology
Stem cells
Transplants & implants
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Summary:Orthobiologics is a rapidly growing field as the potential of stem cells becomes better understood. Amniotic tissue has a long history of clinical use and its anti-inflammatory and paracrine function make it an attractive source for cells. The use of amniotic membrane for cartilage damage has been evaluated primarily in pre-clinical settings. Multiple in vitro studies have shown that amniotic membrane and amniotic MSCs can produce a chondrocyte phenotype with accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and chondrogenic markers. Both autologous and allogeneic sources are available, with the latter having the benefit of decreased morbidity to the patient. A wide array of placental derived allograft tissue forms are currently available in both tissue and injectable formats. Sheets generally consist of one or more intact layers of placental membrane: amnion, amnion and chorion, double layer amnion, or umbilical cord. Liquid products consist of morselized tissues such as amnion and/or chorion, suspensions containing cells such as AFCs, purified variants of amniotic fluid, or some combination. Clinical and basic science investigations are underway to define the cellular mechanisms of action and appropriate clinical indications for use of these placental derived products.
ISSN:1060-1872
1557-9794
DOI:10.1053/j.otsm.2016.12.004