Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)

A major goal of biological classification is to provide a system that conveys phylogenetic relationships while facilitating lucid communication among researchers. Phylogenetic taxonomy is a useful framework for defining clades and delineating their taxonomic content according to well-supported phylo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of paleontology 2017-07, Vol.91 (4), p.829-846
Main Authors: Wright, David F, Ausich, William I, Cole, Selina R, Peter, Mark E, Rhenberg, Elizabeth C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biologists
cladistics
Classification
Communication
Communications systems
Conveying
Crinoidea
Crinozoa
Echinodermata
Evolution
Experts
extinct taxa
Fossils
Frameworks
Hypotheses
Invertebrata
invertebrate
Invertebrates
living taxa
Marine invertebrates
morphology
Names
Paleontology
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
revision
Series (mathematics)
Taxa
Taxonomy
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Summary:A major goal of biological classification is to provide a system that conveys phylogenetic relationships while facilitating lucid communication among researchers. Phylogenetic taxonomy is a useful framework for defining clades and delineating their taxonomic content according to well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses. The Crinoidea (Echinodermata) is one of the five major clades of living echinoderms and has a rich fossil record spanning nearly a half billion years. Using principles of phylogenetic taxonomy and recent phylogenetic analyses, we provide the first phylogeny-based definition for the Clade Crinoidea and its constituent subclades. A series of stem- and node-based definitions are provided for all major taxa traditionally recognized within the Crinoidea, including the Camerata, Disparida, Hybocrinida, Cladida, Flexibilia, and Articulata. Following recommendations proposed in recent revisions, we recognize several new clades, including the Eucamerata Cole 2017, Porocrinoidea Wright 2017, and Eucladida Wright 2017. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses support the resurrection of two names previously abandoned in the crinoid taxonomic literature: the Pentacrinoidea Jaekel, 1918 and Inadunata Wachsmuth and Springer, 1885. Last, a phylogenetic perspective is used to inform a comprehensive revision of the traditional rank-based classification. Although an attempt was made to minimize changes to the rank-based system, numerous changes were necessary in some cases to achieve monophyly. These phylogeny-based classifications provide a useful template for paleontologists, biologists, and non-experts alike to better explore evolutionary patterns and processes with fossil and living crinoids.
ISSN:0022-3360
1937-2337
DOI:10.1017/jpa.2016.142