Investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Compared to Healthy Individuals

This study aimed to compare patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy controls regarding Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) in Farshchian hospital, Hamadan. The results showed a significant difference between the patients with BD and healthy controls regarding negative schemas, including emotion...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research 2017-06, Vol.9 (6), p.771
Main Authors: Khosravi, Shahla, Ebrahimi, MohammadIsmaeil, Shayan, Arezoo, Havasian, Mohamad Reza, Jamshidi, Farkhondeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bipolar disorder
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic illnesses
Clinical psychology
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive therapy
Hospitalization
Personality
Psychiatry
Psychotherapy
Questionnaires
Self control
Social isolation
Substance abuse treatment
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Summary:This study aimed to compare patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy controls regarding Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) in Farshchian hospital, Hamadan. The results showed a significant difference between the patients with BD and healthy controls regarding negative schemas, including emotional deprivation (p=0.000), instability (p=0.004), mistrust/abuse (p=0.001), social isolation (p=0.001), defectiveness (p=0.001), vulnerability to harm (p=0.002), enmeshment (p=0.0006), subjugation (p=0.000), and entitlement (p=0.014). While the first line of treatment is pharmacotherapy, adjunctive psychotherapy has also shown promise in improving the course of illness, including psy-choeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal and social rhythm therapy and family-focused therapy [3, 4].Given the complexity of the disorder have suggested reframing BD to account for its chronic course and impacts across the phases of illness, including acute episodes and non-syndromal periods. Placing greater focus on the interepisodic phase, this model calls for new treatments that target the chronic disease characteristics and risk factors to prevent affective episodes and improve long-term disease management [5].Schema therapy offers considerable potential as just such a treatment [6].Central to schema therapy are'' Early Maladaptive Schemas''(EMSs). Recent studies have indicated that three EMSs, including complacency, entitlement, incompetency in self-control, positive self-adornment, and lack of emotional inhibition, increased the risk of BD. In that study, high-risk individuals showed relatively high rates of all EMSs, except for emotional inhibition [11]. [...]they had lesser problems in emotional inhibition and abandonment [12]. [...]one other recent research indicated that social isolation, failure, dependence, vulnerability to harm, emotional inhibition, and insufficient self-control, pessimism while controlling depression...
ISSN:0975-1459