The political ecology of cross-sectoral cumulative impacts: modern landscapes, large hydropower dams and industrial tree plantations in Laos and Cambodia

Environmental and social impact assessment is now a widely accepted tool in the Mekong Region for assessing the impacts of hydropower dams and large-scale industrial tree plantations. However, the cross-sectoral and cumulative effects of such projects have not been sufficiently addressed. Where cumu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of peasant studies 2017-07, Vol.44 (4), p.769-795
Main Authors: Baird, Ian G., Barney, Keith
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cambodia
Case studies
cross-sectoral impacts
cumulative impacts
Dams
environmental impact assessment
Hydroelectric plants
hydropower dams
Land
Landscape
Laos
Mekong Region
Plantations
Political ecology
Social impact
tree plantations
Usefulness
Water resources management
Water supply
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Summary:Environmental and social impact assessment is now a widely accepted tool in the Mekong Region for assessing the impacts of hydropower dams and large-scale industrial tree plantations. However, the cross-sectoral and cumulative effects of such projects have not been sufficiently addressed. Where cumulative impacts have been considered, studies have focused on a single sector, such as multiple hydropower dams. A separation between land and water management frequently leads those assessing project impacts to overlook or underestimate project outcomes. Here we examine such interactions between industrial plantations and hydropower projects, demonstrating that it is the diverse livelihoods of local people - based on everyday use of multiple resources - that crucially connects aquatic and terrestrial environments. The combined social and environmental changes wrought by resource projects can thus produce particular challenges for these communities, as multiple systems are enclosed and degraded. We present case studies of social and environmental impacts occurring in the Mekong Region: in the Hinboun River Basin in Central Laos; the Xe Bang Fai River Basin, also in Central Laos; and the Sesan River Basin in northeastern Cambodia. We strive to demonstrate the practical usefulness of adopting political ecology frameworks for thinking about these crucial agrarian changes.
ISSN:0306-6150
1743-9361
DOI:10.1080/03066150.2017.1289921