Identification of the compositional changes in Orthosiphon stamineus leaves triggered by different drying techniques using 1H NMR metabolomics

BACKGROUND Java tea is a well‐known herbal infusion prepared from the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus (OS). The biological properties of tea are in direct correlation with the primary and secondary metabolite composition, which in turn largely depends on the choice of drying method. Herein, the impa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2017-09, Vol.97 (12), p.4169-4179
Main Authors: Pariyani, Raghunath, Ismail, Intan Safinar, Ahmad Azam, Amalina, Abas, Faridah, Shaari, Khozirah
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alanine
Amino acids
antioxidant activity
Biocompatibility
Biological properties
Caffeic acid
Chlorogenic acid
Choline
Classification
drying methods
Fatty acids
Freeze drying
Fructose
Glutamine
HPLC/MS/MS
Java tea
Leaves
Leucine
Metabolites
Metabolomics
Multivariate analysis
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Orthosiphon stamineus
Phenolic compounds
Phenols
proton nuclear magnetic resonance
Regression analysis
Secondary metabolites
Shade
Spectroscopic analysis
Spectroscopy
Sugar
Tea
Terpenes
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Summary:BACKGROUND Java tea is a well‐known herbal infusion prepared from the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus (OS). The biological properties of tea are in direct correlation with the primary and secondary metabolite composition, which in turn largely depends on the choice of drying method. Herein, the impact of three commonly used drying methods, i.e. shade, microwave and freeze drying, on the metabolite composition and antioxidant activity of OS leaves was investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate classification and regression analysis tools. RESULTS A total of 31 constituents comprising primary and secondary metabolites belonging to the chemical classes of fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, terpenoids and phenolic compounds were identified. Shade‐dried leaves were identified to possess the highest concentrations of bioactive secondary metabolites such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin, orthosiphol and apigenin, followed by microwave‐dried samples. Freeze‐dried leaves had higher concentrations of choline, amino acids leucine, alanine and glutamine and sugars such as fructose and α‐glucose, but contained the lowest levels of secondary metabolites. CONCLUSION Metabolite profiling coupled with multivariate analysis identified shade drying as the best method to prepare OS leaves as Java tea or to include in traditional medicine preparation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
ISSN:0022-5142
1097-0010
DOI:10.1002/jsfa.8288