Iron oxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in lymphocytes

• Published in: Journal of applied toxicology 2017-10, Vol.37 (10), p.1232-1244
• Main Authors: Gaharwar, Usha Singh, Meena, Ramovatar, Rajamani, Paulraj
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Apoptosis; Atomic beam spectroscopy; Atomic emission spectroscopy; Biocompatibility; Bioengineering; Biomedical materials; Cell Survival - drug effects; Comet Assay; Cytotoxicity; Damage; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA damage; DNA Damage - drug effects; Electron microscopy; Emission analysis; Emission measurements; Emission spectroscopy; Enzymes; Ferric Compounds - toxicity; Glutathione; Glutathione - metabolism; Inductively coupled plasma; Intracellular; intracellular uptake; Iron; iron oxide nanoparticles; Iron oxides; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - metabolism; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Localization; lymphocyte; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes - drug effects; Lymphocytes - metabolism; Magnetic properties; Male; Membrane potential; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial - drug effects; Metals; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mitochondria; Morphology; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - toxicity; Nanotechnology; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Peroxidation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Spectroscopy; Stress concentration; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Toxicity; Transmission electron microscopy; Ultrastructure
• ISSN: 0260-437X; 1099-1263
• DOI: 10.1002/jat.3485

Over the past few decades nanotechnology and material science has progressed extremely rapidly. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) owing to their unique magnetic properties have a great potential for their biomedical and bioengineering applications. However, there is an inevitable need to address the issue of safety and health effects of these nanoparticles. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of IONPs on rats' lymphocytes. Using different assays, we studied diverse parameters including mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase activity, antioxidant enzymes activity and DNA damage measurements. Intracellular metal uptake and ultrastructure analysis were also carried out through inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy respectively. The results show that the IONP‐induced oxidative stress was concentration‐dependent in nature, with significant (P