Inactivation efficiency and mechanism of UV-TiO^sub 2^ photocatalysis against murine norovirus using a solidified agar matrix

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Fresh blueberries are among high risk foods associated with norovirus related outbreaks. Therefore, it is important to assess intervention strategies to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. The disinfection efficiency...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of food microbiology 2016-12, Vol.238, p.256
Main Authors: Park, Daseul, Shahbaz, Hafiz Muhammad, Kim, Sun-Hyoung, Lee, Mijin, Lee, Wooseong, Oh, Jong-Won, Lee, Dong-Un, Park, Jiyong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agar
Berries
Blueberries
Capsid protein
Computer simulation
Deactivation
Decontamination
Disease transmission
Disinfection
Efficiency
Electron microscopy
Food contamination
Food contamination & poisoning
Foodborne diseases
Free radicals
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenterology
Gel electrophoresis
Image transmission
Inactivation
Inoculum
Intervention
Norovirus
Outbreaks
Particle physics
Photocatalysis
Pretreatment
Radicals
Real time
Reduction
Ribonucleic acid
Risk reduction
RNA
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Surface properties
Titanium dioxide
Transmission electron microscopy
Ultraviolet radiation
Vegetables
Viruses
VP1 protein
Wavelengths
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Summary:Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Fresh blueberries are among high risk foods associated with norovirus related outbreaks. Therefore, it is important to assess intervention strategies to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. The disinfection efficiency of decontamination methods is difficult to evaluate for fruits and vegetables due to an inconsistent degree of contamination and irregular surface characteristics. The inactivation efficiency and mechanism of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1, a surrogate for HuNoV) was studied on an experimentally prepared solidified agar matrix (SAM) to simulate blueberries using different wavelengths (A, B, C) of UV light both with and without TiO2 photocatalysis (TP). MNV-1 was inoculated on exterior and interior of SAM and inactivation efficiencies of different treatments were investigated using a number of assays. Initial inoculum levels of MNV-1 on the SAM surface and interior were 5.2 log PFU/mL. UVC with TiO2 (UVC-TP) achieved the highest level of viral reduction for both externally inoculated and internalized MNV-1. Externally inoculated MNV-1 was reduced to non-detectable levels after UVC-TP treatment for 5 min while there was still a 0.9 log viral titer after UVC alone. For internalized MNV-1, 3.2 log and 2.7 log reductions were obtained with UVC-TP and UVC alone treatments for 10 min, respectively. The Weibull model was applied to describe the inactivation behavior of MNV-1, and the model showed a good fit to the data. An excellent correlation between the steady-state concentration of OH radicals ([radical dotOH]ss) and viral inactivation was quantified using a para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) probe compound, suggesting that OH radicals produced in the UV-TP reaction were the major species for MNV-1 inactivation. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the structure of viral particles was completely disrupted with UVC-TP and UVC alone. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the major capsid protein VP1 was degraded after UVC-TP and UVC alone. Real-time RT-qPCR analysis showed that UVC-TP and UVC alone caused a reduction in the level of viral genomic RNA. Propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment RT-qPCR analysis showed that UVC-TP caused damage to the viral capsid protein in addition to viral genomic RNA. UVC both with and without TiO2 was more effective for MNV-1 inactivation than UVB and UVA. Thus, UVC-TP disinfection aimed to reduce levels of food-borne viruses can inactiv
ISSN:0168-1605
1879-3460