Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen nutrition on cotton growth, development, yield, and fiber quality

The consequences of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and N nutrition on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, yield, and fiber quality were determined. Cotton cultivar NuCOTN 33B was grown in sunlit controlled environment chambers at three levels of [CO2] (180, 360, and 7...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agronomy journal 2004-07, Vol.96 (4), p.1148-1157
Main Authors: Reddy, K.R, Koti, S, Davidonis, G.H, Reddy, V.R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
application timing
Carbon dioxide
crop models
crop yield
elevated atmospheric gases
fertilizer application
fiber quality
Gossypium hirsutum
leaves
mathematical models
nitrogen
nitrogen content
nitrogen fertilizers
nutrient requirements
plant development
plant growth
plant nutrition
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Summary:The consequences of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and N nutrition on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, yield, and fiber quality were determined. Cotton cultivar NuCOTN 33B was grown in sunlit controlled environment chambers at three levels of [CO2] (180, 360, and 720 micromol mol(-1)) and two levels of N [continuous N throughout the plant growth period (N+) and N withheld from flowering to harvest (N-)]. Leaf N concentration decreased with increasing [CO2] under both N treatments. These low leaf N concentrations did not decrease the effect of elevated [CO2] in producing higher lint yields at both N treatments, the response being highest for plants grown at elevated [CO2] and N+ conditions. Fiber quality was not significantly affected by [CO2], but the leaf N concentrations, which varied with [CO2], had either a positive or a negative influence on most of the fiber quality parameters. Leaf N during boll maturation period had significant positive correlations with mean fiber length (r2 = 0.63), fine fiber fraction (r2 = 0.67), and immature fiber fraction (r2 = 0.65) and negative correlations with mean fiber diameter (r2 = 0.61), short fiber content (r2 = 0.50), fiber cross-sectional area (r2 = 0.76), average circularity (r2 = 0.74), and micronafis (r2 = 0.65). It is inferred that future elevated [CO2] will not have any deleterious effects on fiber quality and yield if N is optimum. The developed algorithms, if incorporated into process-level crop model, will be useful to optimize cotton production and fiber quality.
ISSN:0002-1962
1435-0645
DOI:10.2134/agronj2004.1148