Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Genus Ilex L. (Aquifoliaceae)

The chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer was sequenced for 115 species of Ilex and forNemopanthus mucronatus (Aquifoliaceae). In addition, rbcL sequences were obtained for 47 selected species. Taken together with fossil records in the literature, the data indicate that: (1) the lineage Ilex was already cosm...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of botany 2000-01, Vol.85 (1), p.111-122
Main Authors: CUÉNOUD, PHILIPPE, DEL PERO MARTINEZ, MARIA A., LOIZEAU, PIERRE-ANDRE, SPICHIGER, RODOLPHE, ANDREWS, SUSYN, MANEN, JEAN-FRANCOIS
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquifoliaceae
Aquifoliaceae, chloroplast DNA, fossil record, historical biogeography, Ilex (holly tree), molecular phylogeny
Biological taxonomies
Botanical gardens
chloroplast DNA
Deciduous trees
Evolution
fossil record
Fossils
historical biogeography
Ilex (holly tree)
molecular phylogeny
Nucleotides
Phylogeny
Plants
Taxa
Vouchers
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Summary:The chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer was sequenced for 115 species of Ilex and forNemopanthus mucronatus (Aquifoliaceae). In addition, rbcL sequences were obtained for 47 selected species. Taken together with fossil records in the literature, the data indicate that: (1) the lineage Ilex was already cosmopolitan long before the end of the Cretaceous. A relative test of the rate of nucleotide substitution indicates that extant species do not represent the entire lineage because of the extinction of its basal branches. The common ancestor of the extant species probably appeared at the upper Tertiary. (2) Several Asian/North American disjunctions are observed, as well as North American/South American relationships. The directions of these relationships are yet to be determined. The African species Ilex mitis is closely related to Asian species. Ilex anomala (Hawaii and Tahiti) is related to American species. Ilex perado and Ilex canariensis (both in Macaronesia) have totally different relationships, the former being related to Eurasian species, while relationships of the latter remain obscure. (3) Gene trees substantially contradict the systematics of Loesener.Nemopanthus, closely related to Ilex amelanchier, is nested in the genus Ilex. The family Aquifoliaceae is organized in four groups, each of them having a geographic or ecological peculiarity.
ISSN:0305-7364
1095-8290
DOI:10.1006/anbo.1999.1003