First report of Fusarium solani species complex as a causal agent of Erythrina variegata decline and death after gall formation by Quadrastichus erythrinae on Okinawa Island, Japan

The defoliation and mortality of Erythrina spp. are increasing on the southern islands of Japan as well as in Taiwan. Although infestation by the gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae has been accepted as the cause of Erythrina decline, its role in the death of hosts has never been investigated. We thu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of general plant pathology : JGPP 2017-11, Vol.83 (6), p.344-357
Main Authors: Kuroda, Keiko, Chuma, Izumi, Kihara, Takeo, Murakami, Tsubasa, Takashina, Kuya, Hiraoka, Daiki, Kameyama, Norikazu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Beetles
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Defoliation
Dieback
Discoloration
Erythrina variegata
Flowers & plants
Fungal Diseases
Fungi
Fusarium solani
Gall
Galls
Infestation
Inoculation
Life Sciences
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Mortality
Odor
Phloem
Plant Pathology
Quadrastichus erythrinae
Seedlings
Soybeans
Sudden death syndrome
Symbionts
Wilt
Xylem
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Summary:The defoliation and mortality of Erythrina spp. are increasing on the southern islands of Japan as well as in Taiwan. Although infestation by the gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae has been accepted as the cause of Erythrina decline, its role in the death of hosts has never been investigated. We thus studied the cause of the decline, focusing on physiological changes and any contributions by microorganisms. From declining and defoliated trees, Fusarium sp. within F. solani species complex (FSSC) clade 3 was primarily detected, especially from discolored xylem and necrotic phloem that had an odor. This fungus belongs to the Ambrosia Fusarium clade, a group of symbionts of ambrosia beetles that includes the causal agent of Fusarium dieback on avocado. No specific fungi were detected from twigs and leaves with Q. erythrinae galls. According to histological observations, the internal symptoms of declining E. variegata are similar to those of sudden death syndrome in soybeans, which is caused by F. virguliforme , a member of FSSC clade 2. One of the isolates of the Fusarium sp. isolated from E. variegata induced wilt and necrosis of cortex and phloem in the seedlings after artificial inoculation, and the inoculated strain was reisolated. The present results demonstrated that the isolate was pathogenic to E. variegata and may be a causal agent of Erythrina decline.
ISSN:1345-2630
1610-739X
DOI:10.1007/s10327-017-0738-3