Cultivars and Nitrogen Application Rates Affect Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat in Hot Arid Region

The poor nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops increases input costs and environmental problems. Selection of efficient cultivar and using cultivar-specific nitrogen rate are important strategies to improve NUE. A three-year field experiment was conducted to assess yield and NUE of three wheat cult...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. Section B: Biological sciences India. Section B: Biological sciences, 2017-12, Vol.87 (4), p.1479-1488
Main Authors: Rathore, V. S., Nathawat, N. S., Meel, B., Bhardwaj, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural economics
Agricultural production
Behavioral Sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Crops
Cultivars
Event-related potentials
Life Sciences
Nitrogen
Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Plant Biochemistry
Research Article
Triticum
Wheat
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Summary:The poor nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops increases input costs and environmental problems. Selection of efficient cultivar and using cultivar-specific nitrogen rate are important strategies to improve NUE. A three-year field experiment was conducted to assess yield and NUE of three wheat cultivars (WH-147, Raj-1482, PBW-343) under six levels of N (N 0 , N 40 , N 60 , N 80 , N 100 and N 120  kg ha −1 ) in hot arid conditions at Rajasthan, India. The cultivar, nitrogen rate, and cultivar × nitrogen rate effects were detected significant for growth, yield components, yield and NUE. PBW-343 had 5 and 18 % higher yield as compared to Raj-1482 and WH-147, respectively. Application of N enhanced growth, yield components, and yield. Averaged over cultivars and years, the grain yield with N 40 , N 60 , N 80 , N 100 , and N 120 was 32, 78, 118, 133, and 137 % higher as compared to N 0 . Response to N rates was cultivar specific; PBW-343 had the greatest yield with N 100 and N 120 , whereas at lower N rates (N 0 , N 40 ) WH-147 and Raj-1482 had higher yield as compared to PBW-343. The PBW-343 had 45–48 % greater agronomic, and 21–22 % greater apparent recovery efficiencies of N than other cultivars. Results suggest that selection of suitable cultivar and adjusting cultivar –specific N application rates is vital for optimizing grain yield and NUE for wheat crops.
ISSN:0369-8211
2250-1746
DOI:10.1007/s40011-016-0729-8