Grass flowers： An untapped resource for floral evo-devo

• Published in: Journal of systematics and evolution : JSE 2017-11, Vol.55 (6), p.525-541
• Main Authors: Schrager‐Lavelle, Amanda, Klein, Harry, Fisher, Amanda, Bartlett, Madelaine
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: awns; Biodiversity; Biological evolution; Developmental genetics; Diversification; Evolution; evolution of plant development; evolutionary developmental biology; floral sexuality; flower development; flower evolution; Flowering; Flowers; Flowers & plants; Genetic diversity; Genetics; Grasses; Molecular biology; Morphology; Physical characteristics; Plants (botany); Pollination; Sex differentiation
• ISSN: 1674-4918; 1759-6831
• DOI: 10.1111/jse.12251

The abrupt origin and rapid diversification of the flowering plants presents what Darwin called ＂an abominable mystery＂. Floral diversification was a key factor in the rise of the flowering plants, but the molecular underpinnings of floral diversity remain mysterious. To understand the molecular biology underlying floral morphological evolution, genetic model systems are essential for rigorously testing gene function and gene interactions. Most model plants are eudicots, while in the monocots genetic models are almost entirely restricted to the grass family. Likely because grass flowers are diminutive and specialized for wind pollination, grasses have not been a major focus in floral evo-devo research. However, while grass flowers do not exhibit any of the raucous morphological diversification characteristic of the orchids, there is abundant floral variation in the family. Here, we discuss grass flower diversity, and review what is known about the developmental genetics of this diversity. In particular, we focus on three aspects of grass flower evolution： （1） the evolution of a novel organ identity--the Iodicule; （2） lemma awns and their diversity; and （3） the convergent evolution of sexual differentiation. The combination of morphological diversity in the grass family at large and genetic models spread across the family Drovides a powerful framework for attaining deed understanding of the molecular genetics of floral evolution.