TOENAIL FLUORIDE ION CONCENTRATIONS, DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN THE PRIMARY DENTITION, AND VARIOUS SOCIOBEHAVIORAL FACTORS IN CHILDREN LIVING IN A FLUORIDATED CITY IN BRAZIL

Objectives: To examine, in children living in a fluoridated city of an age when there is a risk of dental fluorosis developing, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the primary dentition, and the relationship between the toenail fluoride ion (F) concentrations and the presence of (i) dental fluoros...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fluoride 2017-04, Vol.50 (2), p.269-275
Main Authors: de Carvalho, Cristiane Alves Paz de Carvalhoa Fábio Silva, Grizzo, Larissa Tercilia, Lauris, José Roberto Pereira, Buzalaf, Marília Afonso Rabelo, Peres, Sílvia Helena de Carvalho Sales
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Biomarkers
Children & youth
Defects
Dentists
Enamel
Fingers & toes
Fluoridation
Fluorides
Food allergies
Lactose
Lactose intolerance
Metabolism
Milk
Oral hygiene
Questionnaires
Studies
Teeth
Water shortages
Water supply
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Summary:Objectives: To examine, in children living in a fluoridated city of an age when there is a risk of dental fluorosis developing, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the primary dentition, and the relationship between the toenail fluoride ion (F) concentrations and the presence of (i) dental fluorosis in the primary dentition and (ii) various socio-behavioral factors. Methods: A calibrated dentist examined 242 children aged 4-6-yr-old in Bauru, Brazil, using the Dean Index (kappa=0.78). The guardians of the children answered a questionnaire with objective-descriptive questions about the child's profile (socio-behavioral factors). The children's toenails were clipped and collected by the guardians. The F analysis was made with an ion-specific electrode, after HMDS facilitated-diffusion. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (p0.05). Similarly, no significant relationships were present between the toenail F levels and age, gender, the type of preschool attended, the consumption of soy food, lactose intolerance, dentifrice ingestion, and the supervision of toothbrushing. Conclusions: We found that the primary dentition can be affected by dental fluorosis but no significant relationship was present between this and the toenail F levels. A reassessment of these children at the stage of the permanent dentition may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between toenail F levels and the occurrence of dental fluorosis.
ISSN:0015-4725
2253-4083