Calibration, Projection, and Final Image Products of MESSENGER’s Mercury Dual Imaging System

• Published in: Space science reviews 2018-02, Vol.214 (1), p.1-52, Article 2
• Main Authors: Denevi, Brett W., Chabot, Nancy L., Murchie, Scott L., Becker, Kris J., Blewett, David T., Domingue, Deborah L., Ernst, Carolyn M., Hash, Christopher D., Hawkins, S. Edward, Keller, Mary R., Laslo, Nori R., Nair, Hari, Robinson, Mark S., Seelos, Frank P., Stephens, Grant K., Turner, F. Scott, Solomon, Sean C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerospace Technology and Astronautics; Astrophysics and Astroparticles; Calibration; Cameras; Digital Elevation Models; Digital imaging; Elevation; Filters; Image acquisition; Image processing; Mercury; Mercury (planet); MESSENGER Mission; MESSENGER Spacecraft; Mosaics; Photometry; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Planetology; Smear; Space Exploration and Astronautics; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics; Spacecraft; Standardization; Temperature dependence; Upgrading
• ISSN: 0038-6308; 1572-9672
• DOI: 10.1007/s11214-017-0440-y

We present an overview of the operations, calibration, geodetic control, photometric standardization, and processing of images from the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) acquired during the orbital phase of the MESSENGER spacecraft’s mission at Mercury (18 March 2011–30 April 2015). We also provide a summary of all of the MDIS products that are available in NASA’s Planetary Data System (PDS). Updates to the radiometric calibration included slight modification of the frame-transfer smear correction, updates to the flat fields of some wide-angle camera (WAC) filters, a new model for the temperature dependence of narrow-angle camera (NAC) and WAC sensitivity, and an empirical correction for temporal changes in WAC responsivity. Further, efforts to characterize scattered light in the WAC system are described, along with a mosaic-dependent correction for scattered light that was derived for two regional mosaics. Updates to the geometric calibration focused on the focal lengths and distortions of the NAC and all WAC filters, NAC–WAC alignment, and calibration of the MDIS pivot angle and base. Additionally, two control networks were derived so that the majority of MDIS images can be co-registered with sub-pixel accuracy; the larger of the two control networks was also used to create a global digital elevation model. Finally, we describe the image processing and photometric standardization parameters used in the creation of the MDIS advanced products in the PDS, which include seven large-scale mosaics, numerous targeted local mosaics, and a set of digital elevation models ranging in scale from local to global.