Analysis of cadmium in sodium hypochlorite solutions by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry test: a preliminary study

Objective: The literature reports that Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to human body and dental tissues. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigating solutions used in root canal treatment are composed of several metals. However, there is no study regarding the presence of Cd in these solutions. This study a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista odonto ciência 2017-11, Vol.32 (2), p.72
Main Authors: Marostegan, Charliani Menegassi, Grazziotin-Soares, Renata, Ardenghi, Diego Machado, De Figueiredo, José Antônio Poli, De Melo, Tiago André Fontoura
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodic stripping
Cadmium
Chlorine
Commercialization
Dentistry
Endodontics
Heavy metals
Legislation
Origins
Oxidation
Oxidation-reduction potential
Pharmacy
Root canals
Sodium
Sodium hypochlorite
Supermarkets
Test procedures
Tissues
Titration
Voltammetry
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Summary:Objective: The literature reports that Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to human body and dental tissues. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigating solutions used in root canal treatment are composed of several metals. However, there is no study regarding the presence of Cd in these solutions. This study aimed to verify the existence of Cd on 2.5% NaOCl solutions proceeding from different origins, being to date the first of the kind.Methods: Three solutions of 2.5% NaOCl from different origins were assessed in relation to the chlorine content and the presence/amount (mg/L) of cadmium by the Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) test. Oxidation-Reduction Titration (OR) method was performed to quantify the available chlorine. The types of NaOCl solutions were from: i) hand manipulated at a pharmacy, ii) industrialized and commercialized at a dental supply store and iii) industrialized and commercialized at a grocery supermarket.Results : The ASV test showed the amount of cadmium was 0.14mg/L for solutions coming from the pharmacy and the supermarket, and 0.13 mg/L for the solution coming from the dental supply store. OR method found the following amount of available chlorine: 1.15% and 1.52% and 2.24% NaOCl for solutions proceeding from the pharmacy, dental supply store and supermarket, respectively.Conclusion : All samples presented levels of Cd above the permissible limits stated by the legislation from where the study was conducted (0.01 mg/L).
ISSN:0102-9460
1980-6523
DOI:10.15448/1980-6523.2017.2.27065