Gel xylem occlusions decrease hydraulic conductance of cut Acacia holosericea foliage stems

• Published in: Postharvest biology and technology 2018-01, Vol.135, p.27-37
• Main Authors: Che-Husin, Nor-Mayati, Joyce, Daryl C., Irving, Donald E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acacia; Aeration; Chemical compounds; Chlorides; Conductance; Ethylene; Flowers & plants; Foliage; Histochemical; Lumens; Maturity; Mechanical stress; Occlusion; Perfusion; Potassium; Potassium chloride; Resistance; Sap flow; Segments; Silver; Solute exchange; Stems; Wound healing; Wound response; Xylem
• ISSN: 0925-5214; 1873-2356
• DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2017.08.015

•Gel occlusion is ethylene-independent.•Occlusion shortens vase life and reduced specific Kh.•Gel deposition is a defence and healing responses.•Embolism not a limiting factor for low specic Kh. The postharvest vase life of cut Acacia holosericea foliage stems is inherently short at 4–6 d. Stem and xylem specific hydraulic conductances (Khstem and Khxylem, respectively) were measured on alternate days over a 6 d vase period using 10cm long stem segments of cut A. holosericea foliage at four serial developmental maturity stages: viz., M1 – 25 to 35cm (most distal, juvenile), M2 – 15 to 25cm, M3 – 5 to 15cm, and M4 – cut end to 10cm (proximal, mature). Specific hydraulic conductance (Kh) was measured with de-ionised water (DIW), de-aerated de-ionised water (de-DIW), and 10mM potassium chloride (KCl) as perfusion solutions. Significant decreases in specific Khstem and Khxylem values were observed with increasing stem maturity from M1 to M4 and over time during vase life evaluation. Neither specific Khstem nor Khxylem was consistently improved with 10mM KCl as the perfusion solution. Stem segments were treated with ethylene as ethephon in Ethrel™ (4.8×10−5gL−1 or 4.8×10−4gL−1) and the ethylene binding inhibitor silver thiosulphate (STS; 2mM or 4mM). Physiological gel occlusion was observed microscopically and reduced solution flow in otherwise functional vessel lumens. This plugging was evidently the main cause of reduced specific Khstem and Khxylem across developmental maturity stages and over the time during the vase period. It was concluded that gel formation is an ethylene independent defensive wound healing mechanism in cut A. holosericea stems that reduces stem hydraulic conductance and explains their short vase life.