The Effect of Annealing Time on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnAl2O4:0.01% Cr3+ Nanophosphor Prepared via the Sol–Gel Method

• Published in: Journal of electronic materials 2018, Vol.47 (1), p.521-529
• Main Authors: Motloung, S. V., Motloung, S. J., Swart, H. C., Hlatshwayo, T. T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Annealing; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chromaticity; Crystal defects; Crystal structure; Crystallites; Electron microscopy; Electronics and Microelectronics; Instrumentation; Materials Science; Nanophosphors; Optical and Electronic Materials; Optical properties; Scanning electron microscopy; Sol-gel processes; Solid State Physics; Spectrum analysis
• ISSN: 0361-5235; 1543-186X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11664-017-5800-6

Zinc aluminate (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) host and 0.01% Cr 3+ doped were successfully prepared using the sol–gel method. The annealing time (AT) was varied in the range of 0.5–19 h. The x-ray diffraction results showed that the AT does not affect the crystal structure of the prepared powders. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the morphology of the prepared nanophosphors was influenced by the AT. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the constituent elements. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested that the average crystallites sizes of the ZnAl 2 O 4 to be ~20 nm. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy results revealed that the bandgap ( E g ) of the prepared nanophosphor can be tuned by varying the AT. The emission peak at 390 nm is attributed to the intrinsic defects within the host material bandgap. The emission peak at 572 nm is attributed to both contribution from the host and Cr 3+ ( 4 T 1  →  4 A 2 ) transition. The maximum PL intensity was observed from the samples annealed for 3 h. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity diagram showed a slight shift on the blue emission with an increase in AT.