Nematicidal activity of grammicin produced by Xylaria grammica KCTC 13121BP against Meloidogyne incognita

• Published in: Pest management science 2018-02, Vol.74 (2), p.384-391
• Main Authors: Kim, Tae Yoon, Jang, Ja Yeong, Yu, Nan Hee, Chi, Won Jae, Bae, Chang‐Hwan, Yeo, Joo Hong, Park, Ae Ran, Hur, Jae‐Seon, Park, Hae Woong, Park, Ji‐Yeon, Park, Jong‐Hwan, Lee, Sung Ki, Kim, Jin‐Cheol
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bioassays; Biological control; Cytotoxicity; Disease control; Fermentation; Field tests; Filtrate; Fractionation; grammicin; Hatching; Meloidogyne incognita; Menegazzia; Metabolites; nematicidal activity; Patulin; Plant diseases; Plants (botany); Powder; root‐knot nematode; Tomatoes; Toxicity; Xylaria grammica
• ISSN: 1526-498X; 1526-4998
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.4717

BACKGROUND The endolichenic fungus Xylaria grammica KCTC 13121BP showed strong nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita. This study aimed to identify the nematicidal metabolites and to evaluate the efficacy of the strain as a biocontrol agent under pot and field conditions. RESULTS Bioassay‐guided fractionation and instrumental analyses led to grammicin being identified as the nematicidal metabolite. Because patulin is a mycotoxic isomer of grammicin and is known to have strong antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, several biological activities of the two compounds were compared. Grammicin showed strong second‐stage juvenile killing and egg‐hatching inhibitory effects, with a 50% effective concentration at 72 h (EC50/72 h) of 15.9 µg/mL and a 50% effective concentration at 14 days (EC50/14 days) of 5.87 µg/mL, respectively, whereas patulin was virtually inactive in both respects. Patulin was strongly active toward various phytopathogenic bacteria in vitro, whereas grammicin was weakly so. Patulin at the concentration range of 0.1–10 µg/mL also showed dose‐dependent cytotoxicity toward the human first‐trimester trophoblast cell line SW.71, whereas grammicin was not toxic toward this cell line. In pot and field experiments, a wettable powder‐type formulation and fermentation broth filtrate of X. grammica KCTC 13121BP effectively suppressed the development of root‐knot nematode disease on tomato and melon plants. CONCLUSION The results suggest that X. grammica and grammicin may have potential applications for control of root‐knot nematode disease of various crops. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry Xylaria grammica KCTC 13121BP produced grammicin showing strong in vitro nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita. The fungus effectively suppressed the development of root‐knot nematode disease on tomato and melon plants.