Microbial degradation of chloroethenes: a review

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2017-05, Vol.24 (15), p.13262-13283
• Main Authors: Dolinová, Iva, Štrojsová, Martina, Černík, Miroslav, Němeček, Jan, Macháčková, Jiřina, Ševců, Alena
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerobic bacteria; Anaerobic microorganisms; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bacteria; Bacteria - metabolism; Bacteria, Aerobic - metabolism; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioremediation; Contamination; Dechlorination; Degradation; Dehalogenation; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Genes; Halogenation; Metabolism; Microbial activity; Microbial degradation; Microorganisms; Primers; Review Article; Substrates; Tetrachloroethylene - metabolism; Vinyl chloride; Vinyl Chloride - metabolism; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8867-y

Contamination by chloroethenes has a severe negative effect on both the environment and human health. This has prompted intensive remediation activity in recent years, along with research into the efficacy of natural microbial communities for degrading toxic chloroethenes into less harmful compounds. Microbial degradation of chloroethenes can take place either through anaerobic organohalide respiration, where chloroethenes serve as electron acceptors; anaerobic and aerobic metabolic degradation, where chloroethenes are used as electron donors; or anaerobic and aerobic co-metabolic degradation, with chloroethene degradation occurring as a by-product during microbial metabolism of other growth substrates, without energy or carbon benefit. Recent research has focused on optimising these natural processes to serve as effective bioremediation technologies, with particular emphasis on (a) the diversity and role of bacterial groups involved in dechlorination microbial processes, and (b) detection of bacterial enzymes and genes connected with dehalogenation activity. In this review, we summarise the different mechanisms of chloroethene bacterial degradation suitable for bioremediation and provide a list of dechlorinating bacteria. We also provide an up-to-date summary of primers available for detecting functional genes in anaerobic and aerobic bacteria degrading chloroethenes metabolically or co-metabolically.