PAIN ANTICIPATED and PAIN EXPERIENCED DURING ORTHODONTIC PROCEDURES

• Published in: Pakistan oral & dental journal 2017-09, Vol.37 (3), p.434
• Main Authors: SHAKEEL QUTUB KHAN, Dsouza, Judith, BABUR ASHRAF, MASHAL TALAT
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adjustment; Analgesics; Bands; Clinical trials; Data entry; Dentistry; Health aspects; Orthodontics; Pain; Patients; Periodontics; Wire
• ISSN: 1012-8700; 1996-4439

According to a research conducted by Sinclair P, Cannito M, Goates L, Solomos L and Alexander C 5, 20% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment had such severe pain that they had to stay awake all night.First Molar Banding For both upper and lower banding, the results were quite similar.DISCUSSION Pain is one of the most frequent adverse effects which is related to orthodontic therapy.8,9 70-95% of the patients undergoing orthodontic therapy endures pain.10,11 VAS scale is found to be very easy and effective tool for measuring intensity of pain, even young children can readily comprehend it.12 Factors considered to influence the intensity of pain are gender, age, stress, past dental experiences, present emotional state and cultural differences.8 Pain after start of fixed orthodontic treatment increases gradually from 4 to 24 hours, intensity of which decreases gradually and by 1 week the pain subsides completely.13 The mechanisms whereby the application of orthodontic forces cause pain are not yet fully understood, but there are indications that it can be due to changes in blood flow in the periodontal ligament and correlated with the presence of prostaglandins, substance P and other substances.12,14-17 Fixed appliances seem to have only a minor effect on patient's daily life.Increased pain intensity in the first 24 hours have been reported after the placement of straight wire appliance.18 Pain endured from the placement of an arch wire can cause such excruciating pain that can be greater than that suffered after a tooth extraction.19 Various authors have agreed with these results and have conducted similar researches on racial and ethnic groups as well.3,13,19-21 Orthodontists have not reached an agreement on the role of gender in the intensity of pain felt by the patient.13,22 But few studies have reported girls experience higher degrees of pain than boys.3,23 Similarly another study conducted in Pakistan reports no gender dimorphism for pain during different orthodontic procedures.7 Results of present studies showed that during the period in which the separators were in place, 46% patients took pain killer.