Study of the effect of pipe materials and mixing phenomenon on trihalomethanes formation and diffusion in a laboratory-scale water distribution network

The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect the formation and diffusion of disinfection by-products, especially trihalomethanes (THM), in a laboratory-scale water distribution network constructed with three different pipe materials. Sampling locations were chosen on the basis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science & technology. Water supply 2018-02, Vol.18 (1), p.183-192
Main Authors: Mompremier, Rojacques, Fuentes Mariles, Óscar Arturo, Ghebremichael, Kebreab, Silva Martínez, Ana Elisa, Becerril Bravo, José Elías
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bifurcations
By-products
Cancer
Chlorine
Desalination
Diffusion
Disinfection
Disinfection & disinfectants
Distribution
Distribution management
Drinking water
Dye dispersion
Environmental protection
Flow rates
Flow velocity
High density polyethylenes
Laboratories
Networks
Organic carbon
Pipes
Residence time
Reynolds number
Singers
Solutes
Total organic carbon
Trihalomethanes
Tropical diseases
Turbidity
Water analysis
Water distribution
Water engineering
Water quality
Water sampling
Water shortages
Water treatment
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Summary:The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect the formation and diffusion of disinfection by-products, especially trihalomethanes (THM), in a laboratory-scale water distribution network constructed with three different pipe materials. Sampling locations were chosen on the basis of residence time, pipe material and mixing zone. Water samples were collected and analyzed for temperature, pH, total organic carbon, turbidity, free chlorine and THM. Experiments were carried out where two different flow directions at cross junctions were studied. It was observed that for incoming flow at 90° with varying flow rate, mixing was shown to be incomplete where inflows tend to bifurcate rather than mix completely. For two incoming flows in opposing direction (180°), solute mixing has shown to be perfect due to the collision of the fluid streams. The results demonstrated how THM concentration can greatly vary in the same water distribution network due to the impact of pipe material, residence time and the outcome of mixing at cross junctions.
ISSN:1606-9749
1607-0798
DOI:10.2166/ws.2017.103