Epithelial Na+ Channel Regulation by Extracellular and Intracellular Factors

Epithelial Na + channels (ENaCs) are members of the ENaC degenerin family of ion channels that evolved to respond to extracellular factors. In addition to being expressed in the distal aspects of the nephron, where ENaCs couple the absorption of filtered Na + to K + secretion, these channels are fou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of physiology 2018-02, Vol.80 (1), p.263-281
Main Authors: Kleyman, Thomas R, Kashlan, Ossama B, Hughey, Rebecca P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cells
Channel gating
Cytoplasm
Degenerin
ENaC
Ion channels
Lipids
Palmitoylation
palmitoyltransferase
Phospholipids
protease
Proteases
Proteins
Secretion
Shear stress
Sodium channels
sodium self-inhibition
Tissues
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Summary:Epithelial Na + channels (ENaCs) are members of the ENaC degenerin family of ion channels that evolved to respond to extracellular factors. In addition to being expressed in the distal aspects of the nephron, where ENaCs couple the absorption of filtered Na + to K + secretion, these channels are found in other epithelia as well as nonepithelial tissues. This review addresses mechanisms by which ENaC activity is regulated by extracellular factors, including proteases, Na + , and shear stress. It also addresses other factors, including acidic phospholipids and modification of ENaC cytoplasmic cysteine residues by palmitoylation, which enhance channel activity by altering interactions of the channel with the plasma membrane.
ISSN:0066-4278
1545-1585
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121143