Substituted Diphenylamine Antioxidants and Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in Aquatic Organisms in the Great Lakes of North America: Terrestrial Exposure and Biodilution

Substituted diphenylamine antioxidants (SDPAs) and benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) are industrial additives of emerging environmental concern. However, the bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and spatial distribution of these contaminants in the Great Lakes of North America are unknown. The pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2018-02, Vol.52 (3), p.1280-1289
Main Authors: Lu, Zhe, De Silva, Amila O, McGoldrick, Daryl J, Zhou, Wenjia, Peart, Thomas E, Cook, Cyril, Tetreault, Gerald R, Martin, Pamela A, de Solla, Shane R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Additives
Antioxidants
Aquatic ecosystems
Aquatic organisms
Benzotriazole
Bioaccumulation
Biological magnification
Contaminants
Eggs
Environmental perception
Fish
Food
Food chains
Food webs
Lakes
Organic chemicals
Organisms
Salvelinus namaycush
Spatial distribution
Substitutes
Terrestrial environments
Trout
UV stabilizers
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Summary:Substituted diphenylamine antioxidants (SDPAs) and benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) are industrial additives of emerging environmental concern. However, the bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and spatial distribution of these contaminants in the Great Lakes of North America are unknown. The present study addresses these knowledge gaps by reporting SDPAs and BZT-UVs in herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and their food web in the Great Lakes for the first time. Herring gull eggs showed much higher detection frequency and concentrations of target SDPAs and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV328) than that of the whole body fish homogenate. For herring gull eggs, the samples from upper Great Lakes contained significantly greater levels of SDPAs than those eggs from lower lakes, possibly due to the differences in terrestrial food in diet. Interestingly, the predominant SDPAs in herring gull eggs were dinonyl- (C9C9) and monononyl-diphenylamine (C9) which were previously shown to be less bioaccumulative than other SDPAs in fish. In contrast, dioctyl-diphenylamine (C8C8) was the major SDPA in lake trout, and biodilution of C8C8 was observed in a Lake Superior lake trout food web. Such variations in herring gull eggs and fish indicate the differences in accumulation and elimination pathways of SDPAs and BZT-UVs and require further elucidation of these mechanisms.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.7b05214