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Subcritical ethylic biodiesel production from wet animal fat and vegetable oils: A net energy ratio analysis

•Using ethanol in subcritical thermodynamic conditions, without catalysts.•The net energy ratio-NER identifies opportunities for industrial application.•The presence of water and free fatty acids improved the TG conversion.•Transesterification reactions of animal fat, soybean and palm oils. Ethylic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energy conversion and management 2017-06, Vol.141, p.216-223
Main Authors: Sales, Emerson A., Ghirardi, Maria L., Jorquera, Orlando
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:•Using ethanol in subcritical thermodynamic conditions, without catalysts.•The net energy ratio-NER identifies opportunities for industrial application.•The presence of water and free fatty acids improved the TG conversion.•Transesterification reactions of animal fat, soybean and palm oils. Ethylic transesterification process for biodiesel production without any chemical or biochemical catalysts at different subcritical thermodynamic conditions was performed using wet animal fat, soybean and palm oils as feedstock. The results indicate that 2h of reaction at 240°C with pressures varying from 20 to 45bar was sufficient to transform almost all lipid fraction of the samples to biodiesel, depending on the reactor dead volume and proportions between reactants. Conversions of 100%, 84% and 98.5% were obtained for animal fat, soybean oil and palm oil, respectively, in the presence of water, with a net energy ration values of 2.6, 2.1 and 2.5 respectively. These results indicate that the process is energetically favorable, and thus represents a cleaner technology with environmental advantages when compared to traditional esterification or transesterification processes.
ISSN:0196-8904
1879-2227
DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.015