Antioxidants: Reviewing the chemistry, food applications, legislation and role as preservatives

• Published in: Trends in food science & technology 2018-01, Vol.71, p.107-120
• Main Authors: Carocho, Márcio, Morales, Patricia, Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Additives; Antioxidants; Conservation; E number; Food; Food antioxidants; Food industry; Food processing industry; Free radicals; Legislation; Preservatives; Rosemary; Studies
• ISSN: 0924-2244; 1879-3053
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.008

Food antioxidants play a critical role in the food industry, and have become one of the most widespread methods of conserving food. Their cheapness and ease of use have made them a part of virtually all foodstuffs. Although different, all groups of food antioxidants have a same common objective, to conserve food for the longest possible time without altering it, conferring taste or color. Consumer trends have shifted the industry to find natural antioxidants for conservation, and although synthetic additives have been the mainstream, their natural counterparts have been gaining interest. This review focuses of the different antioxidant groups, describing their properties, function and applicability, as well as indexing the relevant legislation in order to be a guide for academia and industry. The wide number of antioxidant additives allowed by the different countries if of synthetic origin, and consist of pure molecules. Although consumers are leaning toward natural additives, this offer is still quite limited despite the permission of rosemary extract within the European Union. There is still much work to be done in order to completely demystify the importance and safety of antioxidants as well as to harmonize legislation worldwide. •Food antioxidants help keep formation of human endogenous free radicals in check.•Antioxidants added to food avoid their spoilage during shelving.•Food antioxidants are one of the most important conservation technologies.•Each group of food antioxidants has specific methods of action and foodstuffs.•Natural food preservatives have been gaining interest due to consumer pattern shift.