Identification of phytotoxins in different plant parts of Brassica napus and their influence on mung bean

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2018-06, Vol.25 (18), p.18071-18080
• Main Authors: Mehmood, Azhar, Naeem, Muhammad, Khalid, Farhan, Saeed, Yousaf, Abbas, Tasawer, Jabran, Khawar, Sarwar, Muhammad Aqeel, Tanveer, Asif, Javaid, Muhammad Mansoor
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Allelopathy; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Benzoic acid; Brassica; Brassica napus; Caffeic acid; Chlorogenic acid; Coumaric acid; Decomposition; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Ferulic acid; Flowers; Gallic acid; genus; Germination; greenhouses; Leaves; mung beans; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Phytotoxins; Plant extracts; Plants; Rape plants; Research Article; Residues; Seed germination; seedling growth; Seedlings; syringic acid; toxicity; Vanillic acid; Vigna radiata; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; water solubility
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2043-x

Plants in Brassica genus have been found to possess strong allelopathic potential. They may inhibit seed germination and emergence of subsequent crops following them in a rotation system. Series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the allelopathic impacts of Brassica napus L. against mung bean. We studied (1) the effects of aqueous extract (5%) of different plant parts (root, stem, leaf, flower, and whole plant) of B . napus , (2) the effects of leaf and flower extracts of B . napus at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% concentrations, and (3) the effect of residues of different B . napus plant parts and decomposition periods (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) on germination and seedling growth of mung bean. Various types of phenolics including quercitin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumeric acid, m-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, cinamic acid, and gallic acid were identified in plant parts of B . napus. Among aqueous extracts of various plant parts, leaf and flower were found to have stronger inhibitory effects on germination and seedling growth traits of mung bean, higher concentrations were more toxic. The decomposition period changed the phtotoxic effect of residues, more inhibitory effect was shown at 14 days decomposition while decomposition for 21 days reduced inhibitory effect. The more total water-soluble phenolic was found in 5% ( w / v ) aqueous extract and 5% ( w / w ) residues of B . napus flowers at 14 days of decomposition (89.80 and 10.47 mg L −1 ), respectively. The strong inhibitory effects of B . napus should be managed when followed in rotation.