A Meteorological Supersite for Aviation and Cold Weather Applications

• Published in: Pure and applied geophysics 2019-05, Vol.176 (5), p.1977-2015
• Main Authors: Gultepe, Ismail, Agelin-Chaab, M., Komar, J., Elfstrom, G., Boudala, F., Zhou, B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Aerosols; Atmospheric boundary layer; Atmospheric precipitations; Aviation; Aviation meteorology; Backscattering; Blowing snow; Boundary layers; Clouds; Cold weather; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Educational institutions; Fog; Geophysics/Geodesy; Gusts; Humidity; Ice formation; Icing; Icing conditions; Mathematical models; Meteorological observations; Meteorology; Moisture content; Planetary boundary layer; Process parameters; Profiles; Radar; Rain; Reflectance; Relative humidity; Remote sensing; Satellites; Sky; Snow; Solar radiation; Temperature; Towers; Turbulence; Unmanned aerial vehicles; Visibility; Water; Water content; Water depth; Weather; Weather conditions; Weather stations; Wind measurement; Wind speed
• ISSN: 0033-4553; 1420-9136
• DOI: 10.1007/s00024-018-1880-3

The goal of this study is to better understand atmospheric boundary layer processes and parameters, and to evaluate physical processes for aviation applications using data from a supersite observing site. Various meteorological sensors, including a weather and environmental unmanned aerial vehicle (WE-UAV), and a fog and snow tower (FSOS) observations are part of the project. The PanAm University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) Meteorological Supersite (PUMS) observations are being collected from April 2015 to date. The FSOS tower gathers observations related to rain, snow, fog, and visibility, aerosols, solar radiation, and wind and turbulence, as well as surface and sky temperature. The FSOSs are located at three locations at about 450–800 m away from the PUMS supersite. The WE-UAV measurements representing aerosol, wind speed and direction, as well as temperature ( T ) and relative humidity (RH) are provided during clear weather conditions. Other measurements at the PUMS site include cloud backscattering profiles from CL51 ceilometer, MWR observations of liquid water content (LWC), T , and RH, and Microwave Rain Radar (MRR) reflectivity profile, as well as the present weather type, snow water depth, icing rate, 3D-ultrasonic wind and turbulence, and conventional meteorological observations from compact weather stations, e.g., WXTs. The results based on important weather event studies, representing fog, snow, rain, blowing snow, wind gust, planetary boundary layer (PBL) wind research for UAV, and icing conditions are given. The microphysical parameterizations and analysis processes for each event are provided, but the results should not be generalized for all weather events and be used cautiously. Results suggested that integrated observing systems based on data from a supersite as well as satellite sites can provide better information applicable to aviation meteorology, including PBL weather research, validation of numerical weather model predictions, and remote-sensing retrievals. Overall, the results from the five cases are provided and challenges related to observations applicable to aviation meteorology are discussed.