Physical and mechanical properties of a vegetable oil based nanocomposite

• Published in: European polymer journal 2018-01, Vol.98, p.116-124
• Main Authors: Buffa, Juan M., Mondragon, Gurutz, Corcuera, M. Angeles, Eceiza, Arantxa, Mucci, Verónica, Aranguren, Mirta I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Castor oil; Cellulose; Cellulose nanocrystals; Crystallization; Hexamethylene diisocyanate; Mechanical properties; Nanocomposite; Nanocomposites; Nanocrystals; Nanofibers; Physical properties; Polymer matrix composites; Polyurethane resins; Propionic acid; Sulfuric acid; Tensile tests; Thermodynamic properties; Triethylamine; Vegetable oil; Vegetable oils
• ISSN: 0014-3057; 1873-1945
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.035

[Display omitted] •Waterborne polyurethane was synthesized using a biobased macrodiol derived from castor oil.•Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from Kraft pulp were used as reinforcement for the nanocomposites.•Only 5 wt.% CNC was needed to increase the elastic modulus over 700%.•The tensile properties were reasonably fitted using simple models.•A percolation threshold was inferred from the analysis of the different characterization results. Nanocomposites films were prepared from a bio-based waterborne polyurethane and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained from the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cellulose nanofibers. The polyurethane used as matrix of the nanocomposite film was synthesized from a biobased macrodiol derived from castor oil, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and triethylamine. The concentration of CNC in the films was varied from 0 to 10 wt.%, and the films obtained by casting were characterized by DSC, DMA, tensile tests and TGA. Due to the hydrophilic nature of the PU, the nanocrystals were well dispersed, obtaining homogenous and transparent films which displayed improved thermal and mechanical properties compared to the neat PU. The impact of the CNCs on the crystallization of the polymer was analyzed. Finally, the mechanical properties were fitted to well known theoretical models, allowing a better understanding of the interactions between polymer and filler in the composites.