Does asymmetric persistence in convergence of the air quality index (AQI) exist in China?

In recent years, China’s air pollution has caused significant concern in the academia. China is the hub of business and financial activities, with the most populous cities. It is important to determine the convergence and asymmetric persistence of air quality index (AQI hereafter) in China to achiev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-10, Vol.27 (29), p.36541-36569
Main Authors: Zhang, Xue-Tao, Liu, Xi-Hua, Su, Chi-Wei, Umar, Muhammad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accumulation
Air pollution
Air quality
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Biphenyl
Blood
Cities
Computer simulation
Congeners
CYP1A2 protein
Cytochrome
Cytochrome P450
Dioxins
Docking
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Ingestion
Isoenzymes
Metabolism
Outdoor air quality
Patients
PCB
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Research Article
Rice bran oil
Sustainable development
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:In recent years, China’s air pollution has caused significant concern in the academia. China is the hub of business and financial activities, with the most populous cities. It is important to determine the convergence and asymmetric persistence of air quality index (AQI hereafter) in China to achieve sustainable development goals, especially the ones related to the environment. This paper uses the Fourier quantile unit root test to check for inter-regional convergence of monthly AQI for 74 cities across China from January 2013 to July 2019. For a comparative baseline analysis, five conventional univariate and quantile unit root tests are also conducted. The empirical outcomes show that the Fourier quantile unit test exhibits a significant advantage in detecting smooth breaks and evaluating the asymmetric behavior and mean-reverting properties of AQI. Moreover, the monthly AQI in 70 out of 74 C0hinese cities are stationary processes. These findings not only focus on the appropriate use of relevant modeling techniques of smooth breaks and asymmetries in the AQI series of the 74 Chinese cities but also provide crucial environmental sustainability and economic implications for AQI regulation policies.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-09498-2