Antifungal activity of plant-derived compounds and their synergism against major postharvest pathogens of longan fruit in vitro

The aim of this study was to find alternatives to conventional synthetic fungicides to control postharvest decay of longan fruit. The antifungal potential of thymol, carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde was evaluated against four major longan pathogens, Lasiodiplodia spp., Phomopsis spp., Pestalotiops...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of food microbiology 2018-04, Vol.271, p.8-14
Main Authors: Suwanamornlert, P., Sangchote, S., Chinsirikul, W., Sane, A., Chonhenchob, V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antifungal activity
Antifungal agents
Carvacrol
Cinnamaldehyde
Dimocarpus longan
Fruits
Fungi
Fungicides
Geotrichum candidum
Growth curves
Growth rate
Harvest
Lag phase
Lasiodiplodia
Longan
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Model testing
Mycelia
Pathogens
Pestalotiopsis
Pesticides
Phomopsis
Plant diseases
Plants
Postharvest decay
Synergism
Thymol
trans-Cinnamaldehyde
Vapor phases
Vapors
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Summary:The aim of this study was to find alternatives to conventional synthetic fungicides to control postharvest decay of longan fruit. The antifungal potential of thymol, carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde was evaluated against four major longan pathogens, Lasiodiplodia spp., Phomopsis spp., Pestalotiopsis spp. and Geotrichum candidum, using vapor phase and direct contact methods. The vapor phase of all active compounds was more effective on fungal growth than direct contact. A volatile vapor of thymol and carvacrol had strong antifungal activity against the tested fungi, exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 40 to 80 mg/L air; trans-cinnamaldehyde showed the least efficiency, with MIC ranging from 80 to 160 mg/L air for G. candidum and Phomopsis spp., while it could not inhibit Lasiodiplodia spp. and Pestalotiopsis spp. at 160 mg/L air. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of thymol and carvacrol varied from 40 to 80 mg/L air, while trans-cinnamaldehyde completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the tested fungi at higher concentrations. Mycelial growth of all tested fungi decreased with increasing active compound concentration, except for trans-cinnamaldehyde. Thymol proved to be the most effective compound against the four tested fungi, with effective concentration 50 (EC50) of 5.68 ± 0.59, 6.86 ± 0.52, 8.27 ± 0.22 and 9.99 ± 1.28 mg/L air for Lasiodiplodia spp., Phomopsis spp., Pestalotiopsis spp. and G. candidum, respectively. Fungal growth curves were adequately fitted (0.958 
ISSN:0168-1605
1879-3460
DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.009