Rumination, Depression, and Gender in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of a Bidirectional Model

Recent research suggests that rumination may represent both a risk factor for and consequence of depression, especially among female samples. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined a reciprocal model of rumination and depression in early adolescence, just before rates of depression div...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of early adolescence 2018-08, Vol.38 (7), p.923-946
Main Authors: Krause, Elizabeth D., Vélez, Clorinda E., Woo, Rebecca, Hoffmann, Brittany, Freres, Derek R., Abenavoli, Rachel M., Gillham, Jane E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
At Risk Students
Child development
Children & youth
Depression (Psychology)
Early Adolescents
Gender
Gender Differences
Girls
Longitudinal Studies
Measures (Individuals)
Mental depression
Middle School Students
Statistical Analysis
Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
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Summary:Recent research suggests that rumination may represent both a risk factor for and consequence of depression, especially among female samples. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined a reciprocal model of rumination and depression in early adolescence, just before rates of depression diverge by gender. The present study evaluated a cross-lagged path model of rumination and depression in a sample of 408 early adolescents. Gender moderation was also examined. Support was found for a longitudinal bidirectional model of rumination and depression but only among girls. For boys, increased rumination emerged as a consequence, not as a predictor, of depression symptoms. In early adolescence, rumination may be a greater risk factor for depression among girls than boys, whereas depression may be a significant vulnerability factor for increased rumination among both boys and girls. Why rumination may be more maladaptive for girls than boys is discussed within a psychosocial and developmental framework.
ISSN:0272-4316
1552-5449
DOI:10.1177/0272431617704956