Hierarchical control of building HVAC system for ancillary services provision

This paper examines the provision of demand-side ancillary services using building thermodynamics and heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In particular, we consider the secondary frequency control service where the load has to declare a power capacity and a nominal power at the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energy and buildings 2018-06, Vol.169, p.216-227
Main Authors: Qureshi, Faran A., Jones, Colin N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air conditioners
Air conditioning
Alternative energy
Ancillary services
Building control
Buildings
Computer simulation
Control
Control methods
Demand response
Electricity generation
Energy consumption
Flexibility
Frequency control
HVAC
HVAC equipment
HVAC modeling and control
MPC
Optimization
Robust control
Robust optimizations
Secondary frequency control
Smart grid technology
Smart grids
Ventilation
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Summary:This paper examines the provision of demand-side ancillary services using building thermodynamics and heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In particular, we consider the secondary frequency control service where the load has to declare a power capacity and a nominal power at the beginning of the regulation period and then in real-time track the received regulation signal around its declared nominal power. A hierarchical control scheme is proposed in this paper. The local building controllers at the lowest level track the temperature setpoints received from the thermal flexibility controller which maximizes the flexibility of building’s thermal consumption. At the highest level, the electrical flexibility controller controls the HVAC system while maximizing the flexibility provided to the grid. The two flexibility control layers are based on robust optimization methods. A control oriented model of a typical HVAC system is developed, and simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Results show that extra flexibility may be attained by exploiting the coefficient of performance (COP) of the chiller. Furthermore, occupant comfort increases as a consequence of providing ancillary services.
ISSN:0378-7788
1872-6178
DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.004