Spinal Nerve innervation to the Sonic Muscle in Walleye Pollack, Theragra Chalcogramma (gadidae: Gadiformes)

The Walleye Pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) produces sounds by contractions of a pair of intrinsic sonic muscles located on the swimbladder. The innervation pattern of this muscle was investigated. It is innervated by branches (sonic branches) of the third to eighth spinal nerves. The Walleye Pollac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Copeia 2006-03, Vol.2006 (1), p.116-119
Main Authors: Onuki, Atsushi, Somiya, Hiroaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal sound production
Behavioral neuroscience
Fish
Innervation
Muscular system
Nerves
Neurons
Oysters
Physiology
Ribs
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS
Spinal nerves
Spine
Swim bladder
Vertebrae
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Summary:The Walleye Pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) produces sounds by contractions of a pair of intrinsic sonic muscles located on the swimbladder. The innervation pattern of this muscle was investigated. It is innervated by branches (sonic branches) of the third to eighth spinal nerves. The Walleye Pollack was found to be one of the rare sonic fishes with the sonic muscle innervated only by the spinal nerves.
ISSN:0045-8511
2766-1512
1938-5110
2766-1520
DOI:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)006[0116:SNITTS]2.0.CO;2