Flow Measurements in a Short Takeoff, Vertical Landing Fountain: Splayed Jets

The interaction of multiple jets with the ground is of great importance for the design and operation of short takeoff, vertical landing aircraft. The fountain upwash flow, generated by the impingement of two axisymmetric, compressible, turbulent jets onto a ground plane was studied using laser-based...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of aircraft 2009-05, Vol.46 (3), p.874-882
Main Authors: Saddington, A. J, Knowles, K, Cabrita, P. M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerodynamics
Air transportation and traffic
Aircraft
Applied sciences
Exact sciences and technology
Fluid dynamics
Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)
Ground, air and sea transportation, marine construction
Instrumentation for fluid dynamics
Measurement
Physics
Turbulence
Velocity
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Summary:The interaction of multiple jets with the ground is of great importance for the design and operation of short takeoff, vertical landing aircraft. The fountain upwash flow, generated by the impingement of two axisymmetric, compressible, turbulent jets onto a ground plane was studied using laser-based particle image velocimetry. Measurements were made with nozzle pressure ratios of between 1.05 and 4, nozzle height-to-diameter ratios of between 2.4 and 8.4, nozzle splay angles of between ±15 deg, and a nozzle spacing-to-diameter ratio of seven. The effect of varying these parameters on the fountain velocity decay, spreading rate, and momentum flux ratio are discussed. In general, it was found that the inclusion of nozzle splay did not significantly alter the distribution of fountain momentum flux ratio relative to the equivalent parallel configuration. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ISSN:0021-8669
1533-3868
DOI:10.2514/1.38296