Carbon tetrachloride induced hepato/renal toxicity in experimental mice: antioxidant potential of Egyptian Salvia officinalis L essential oil

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2018-10, Vol.25 (28), p.27858-27876
• Main Authors: Fahmy, Maha A., Diab, Kawthar A., Abdel-Samie, Negm S., Omara, Enayat A., Hassan, Zeinab M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Albumin; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Aquatic Pollution; Ascorbic acid; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bilirubin; Bioassays; Biochemical markers; Breakage; Carbon; Carbon tetrachloride; Comet Assay; Comet nuclei; Creatinine; Cytoplasm; Damage detection; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Distortion; DNA; DNA damage; DNA Damage - drug effects; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Egypt; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Enzymes; Essential oils; Globulins; Glutathione; Hepatocytes; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Kidneys; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Liver Function Tests; Maintenance; Male; Markers; Mice; Oils & fats; Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology; Organic chemistry; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Peroxidation; Proteins; Prothrombin; Renal function; Research Article; Salvia officinalis; Salvia officinalis - chemistry; Scavenging; Toxicity; Urea; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2820-6

The present research designed to assess the protective role of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SO) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced liver and kidney damage in mice. This is evidenced by estimation of antiradical scavenging activity of SO using DPPH assay, biochemical markers, histological investigation of liver and kidney sections, and comet assay. Mice were given CCl 4 (1.2 mL/kg for 24 h or 0.8 mL/kg for 2 weeks, 3 times/week) and with or without SO (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL/kg, for 2 week, 5 times/week). The findings demonstrated that both acute and subacute treatment with CCl 4 alone had adverse side effects on liver and kidney of mice. These effects were evidenced by a significant increase in serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and G-GT), bilirubin, and renal function markers (blood urea, creatinine). Toxic effect of CCl 4 was accompanied by a decline in the serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and prothrombin (%). CCl 4 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) along with decreasing serum total glutathione S transferase (GST). A remarkable increase in hepatic DNA strand breakages and histopathological distortion in liver and kidney specimens were observed in CCl 4 -intoxicated groups. Ultrastructurally, hepatocytes exhibited irregular nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, and distorted microorganelles. Essential oil form S. officinalis possessed antiradical scavenging (EC 50  = 4602 μg/mL) lower than ascorbic acid (EC 50  = 5.9 μg/mL). This oil was effectively exhibited hepato - nephroprotective activity especially at its higher concentrations in co-treated groups (SO plus CCl 4 ). The activity of SO was associated with lowering the liver enzymes, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine, along with increasing total protein, albumin, globulin, and prothrombin. The increase in GST content and the decrease in LPO and DNA breakage levels, alongside repairing the histo-architectural distortions further confirmed the protective activity of SO. SO is a potential candidate for counteracting hepato/renal injury associating CCl 4 . This effect may occur via antioxidant defense mechanism which in part related to the complexity of its chemical constituents.