Nutrient Intake in the First Two Weeks of Life and Brain Growth in Preterm Neonates

Optimizing early nutritional intake in preterm neonates may promote brain health and neurodevelopment through enhanced brain maturation. Our objectives were (1) to determine the association of energy and macronutrient intake in the first 2 weeks of life with regional and total brain growth and white...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatrics (Evanston) 2018-03, Vol.141, p.1
Main Authors: Schneider, Juliane, Fischer Fumeaux, Céline J, Duerden, Emma G, Guo, Ting, Foong, Justin, Graz, Myriam Bickle, Hagmann, Patric, Chakravarty, M Mallar, Hüppi, Petra S, Beauport, Lydie, Truttmann, Anita C, Miller, Steven P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Anisotropy
Brain
Cerebellum
Energy
Energy intake
Enteral feeding
Gestational age
Life prediction
Magnetic resonance imaging
Neonatal care
Neonates
Neurodevelopment
Neuroimaging
Newborn babies
Nutrition
Pediatrics
Premature birth
Substantia alba
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Summary:Optimizing early nutritional intake in preterm neonates may promote brain health and neurodevelopment through enhanced brain maturation. Our objectives were (1) to determine the association of energy and macronutrient intake in the first 2 weeks of life with regional and total brain growth and white matter (WM) maturation, assessed by 3 serial MRI scans in preterm neonates; (2) to examine how critical illness modifies this association; and (3) to investigate the relationship with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Forty-nine preterm neonates (21 boys, median [interquartile range] gestational age: 27.6 [2.3] weeks) were scanned serially at the following median postmenstrual weeks: 29.4, 31.7, and 41. The total brain, basal nuclei, and cerebellum were semiautomatically segmented. Fractional anisotropy was extracted from diffusion tensor imaging data. Nutritional intake from day of life 1 to 14 was monitored and clinical factors were collected. Greater energy and lipid intake predicted increased total brain and basal nuclei volumes over the course of neonatal care to term-equivalent age. Similarly, energy and lipid intake were significantly associated with fractional anisotropy values in selected WM tracts. The association of ventilation duration with smaller brain volumes was attenuated by higher energy intake. Brain growth predicted psychomotor outcome at 18 months' corrected age. In preterm neonates, greater energy and enteral feeding during the first 2 weeks of life predicted more robust brain growth and accelerated WM maturation. The long-lasting effect of early nutrition on neurodevelopment may be mediated by enhanced brain growth. Optimizing nutrition in preterm neonates may represent a potential avenue to mitigate the adverse brain health consequences of critical illness.
ISSN:0031-4005
1098-4275