Ionic silsesquioxanes: Preparation, structure control, characterization, and applications

This feature article explains the preparation, structural control, characterization, and applications of ionic silsesquioxane (SQ) polymers and oligomers. Soluble rod- and ladder-like polySQs (PSQs) containing ionic side-chain groups, i.e., ammonium, carboxylate, sulfonate, and phosphonate, were pre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymer (Guilford) 2018-05, Vol.144, p.205-224
Main Author: Kaneko, Yoshiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino groups
Ammonium
Amorphization
Catalysis
Catalysts
Condensation
Functional groups
Hybrid material
Hybridization
Ionic liquids
Ladder-like polysilsesquioxane
Oligomers
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)
Polymerization
Polymers
Structural analysis
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Summary:This feature article explains the preparation, structural control, characterization, and applications of ionic silsesquioxane (SQ) polymers and oligomers. Soluble rod- and ladder-like polySQs (PSQs) containing ionic side-chain groups, i.e., ammonium, carboxylate, sulfonate, and phosphonate, were prepared by hydrolytic polycondensation of the corresponding organotrialkoxysilanes, which contain functional groups that can be converted to ionic groups during the reaction. The resulting PSQs were applied to hybridizations and other reactions. On the other hand, ammonium-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) were formed in higher yields with shorter reaction times when the hydrolytic condensation of organotrialkoxysilanes containing amino groups was performed with a superacid catalyst. Furthermore, size control, amorphization, and polymerization were achieved in preparing POSS derivatives using a superacid catalyst. These superacid-catalyzed hydrolytic condensation methods were also applicable to the preparation of a single-structured cyclotetrasiloxane. The superacid-catalyzed hydrolytic condensation method could also be used to prepare ionic liquids containing randomly structured oligoSQs, POSSs, and cyclic oligosiloxane frameworks. [Display omitted] •Ionic ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes (PSQs) were successfully prepared.•The resulting PSQs were applied to hybridizations and other reactions.•Cationic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) were prepared in high yield with short reaction times.•The size and crystallinity of POSSs were controlled.•Ionic liquids containing silsesquioxane frameworks were successfully prepared.
ISSN:0032-3861
1873-2291
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.059