A Bayesian Analysis of the Correlations Among Sunspot Cycles

Sunspot numbers form a comprehensive, long-duration proxy of solar activity and have been used numerous times to empirically investigate the properties of the solar cycle. A number of correlations have been discovered over the 24 cycles for which observational records are available. Here we carry ou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2012-08
Main Authors: Yu, Yaming, van Dyk, David A, Kashyap, Vinay L, Young, C Alex
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bayesian analysis
Correlation analysis
Empirical analysis
Predictions
Solar activity
Solar cycle
Statistical analysis
Sunspot cycle
Sunspots
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Sunspot numbers form a comprehensive, long-duration proxy of solar activity and have been used numerous times to empirically investigate the properties of the solar cycle. A number of correlations have been discovered over the 24 cycles for which observational records are available. Here we carry out a sophisticated statistical analysis of the sunspot record that reaffirms these correlations, and sets up an empirical predictive framework for future cycles. An advantage of our approach is that it allows for rigorous assessment of both the statistical significance of various cycle features and the uncertainty associated with predictions. We summarize the data into three sequential relations that estimate the amplitude, duration, and time of rise to maximum for any cycle, given the values from the previous cycle. We find that there is no indication of a persistence in predictive power beyond one cycle, and conclude that the dynamo does not retain memory beyond one cycle. Based on sunspot records up to October 2011, we obtain, for Cycle 24, an estimated maximum smoothed monthly sunspot number of 97 +- 15, to occur in January--February 2014 +- 6 months.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1208.1706