Transformation of germanium to fluogermanates

The surface of a single crystal Germanium wafer was transformed to crystals of germanium fluorides and oxides upon exposure to a vapor of HF and HNO3 chemical mixture. Structure analysis indicate that the transformation results in a germanate polycrystalline layer consisting of germanium oxide and a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2015-12
Main Authors: Kalem, S, Arthursson, O, Romandic, I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Clusters
Crystal growth
Crystal structure
Crystals
Ellipsometry
Fluorides
Germanium
Germanium oxides
Organic chemistry
Photoluminescence
Single crystals
Structural analysis
Transformations
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Summary:The surface of a single crystal Germanium wafer was transformed to crystals of germanium fluorides and oxides upon exposure to a vapor of HF and HNO3 chemical mixture. Structure analysis indicate that the transformation results in a germanate polycrystalline layer consisting of germanium oxide and ammonium fluogermanate with a preferential crystal growth orientation in direction. Local vibrational mode analysis confirms the presence of N-H and Ge-F vibrational modes in addition to Ge-O stretching modes. Energy dispersive studies reveal the presence of hexagonal {\alpha}-phase GeO2 crystal clusters and ammonium fluogermanates around these clusters in addition to a surface oxide layer. Electronic band structure as probed by ellipsometry has been associated with the germanium oxide crystals and disorder induced band tailing effects at the interface of the germanate layer and the bulk Ge wafer. The acid vapor exposure causes Ge surface to emit a yellow photoluminescence at room temperature.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1512.08001