The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux

We measure the mass of a modestly irradiated giant planet, KOI-94d. We wish to determine whether this planet, which is in a 22-day orbit and receives 2700 times as much incident flux as Jupiter, is as dense as Jupiter or rarefied like inflated hot Jupiters. KOI-94 also hosts 3 smaller transiting pla...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2013-03
Main Authors: Weiss, Lauren M, Marcy, Geoffrey W, Rowe, Jason F, Howard, Andrew W, Isaacson, Howard, tney, Jonathan J, Miller, Neil, Brice-Olivier Demory, Fischer, Debra A, Adams, Elisabeth R, Dupree, Andrea K, Howell, Steve B, Rea Kolbl, John Asher Johnson, Horch, Elliott P, Everett, Mark E, Fabrycky, Daniel C, Seager, Sara
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apertures
Extrasolar planets
Flux
Gas giant planets
Jupiter
Kepler mission (NASA)
Light curve
Photometry
Planet detection
Planetary mass
Planetary systems
Radial velocity
Saturn
Transit
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:We measure the mass of a modestly irradiated giant planet, KOI-94d. We wish to determine whether this planet, which is in a 22-day orbit and receives 2700 times as much incident flux as Jupiter, is as dense as Jupiter or rarefied like inflated hot Jupiters. KOI-94 also hosts 3 smaller transiting planets, all of which were detected by the Kepler Mission. With 26 radial velocities of KOI-94 from the W. M. Keck Observatory and a simultaneous fit to the Kepler light curve, we measure the mass of the giant planet and determine that it is not inflated. Support for the planetary interpretation of the other three candidates comes from gravitational interactions through transit timing variations, the statistical robustness of multi-planet systems against false positives, and several lines of evidence that no other star resides within the photometric aperture. The radial velocity analyses of KOI-94b and KOI-94e offer marginal (>2\sigma) mass detections, whereas the observations of KOI-94c offer only an upper limit to its mass. Using the KOI-94 system and other planets with published values for both mass and radius (138 exoplanets total, including 35 with M < 150 Earth masses), we establish two fundamental planes for exoplanets that relate their mass, incident flux, and radius from a few Earth masses up to ten Jupiter masses. These equations can be used to predict the radius or mass of a planet.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1303.2150