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Exfoliation, reduction, hybridization and polymerization mechanisms in one-step microwave-assist synthesis of nanocomposite nylon-6/graphene
Few if any reports exist that elucidate the phenomena that take place in the microwave-assist polymerization (MAP) of heterogeneous multi-component systems to form polymer nanohybrid composites. We elucidate the four distinct steps that take place during the in-situ MAP of Nylon-6 from ε-caprolactam...
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| Published in: | Polymer (Guilford) 2018-06, Vol.146, p.73-81 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| container_title | Polymer (Guilford) |
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| creator | González-Morones, Pablo Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel Sáenz-Galindo, Aide Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio Ávila-Orta, Carlos A. Ziolo, Ronald F. |
| description | Few if any reports exist that elucidate the phenomena that take place in the microwave-assist polymerization (MAP) of heterogeneous multi-component systems to form polymer nanohybrid composites. We elucidate the four distinct steps that take place during the in-situ MAP of Nylon-6 from ε-caprolactam and 6-aminocaproic in the presence of graphite oxide (GrO), which results in the formation of a reduced graphene oxide Nylon-6 nanohybrid in a one-step synthesis; exfoliation, reduction take place in |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.014 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2086369481</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0032386118304087</els_id><sourcerecordid>2086369481</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-55168cafa33bad69d577b22a8106f14a680a772d8d7a9ee1dde52c1c15f80c8e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkE1OwzAQhS0EEqVwBCRLbElqO7HjrhCq-JMqsYG15doT6qqxg50Wwhk4NCkta1YzmjfzRu9D6JKSnBIqJqu8Deu-gZgzQmVOeE5oeYRGVFZFxtiUHqMRIQXLCinoKTpLaUUIYZyVI_R991mHtdOdC_4aR7Abs2-X_SI6675-Fay9xYcnf6MGzFJ7l5qEncfBQ5Y6aHHjTAwfeguZTsmlDqfed0sYWhxq7LUPJjRtSK4D7Pt18JmYvEXdLsHDOTqp9TrBxaGO0ev93cvsMZs_PzzNbueZKaqyyzinQhpd66JYaCumllfVgjEtKRE1LbWQRFcVs9JWegpArQXODDWU15IYCcUYXe192xjeN5A6tQqb6IeXihEpCjEtJR22-H5rCJRShFq10TU69ooStQOvVurARO3AK8LVAH64u9nfwRBh6wY1GQfegHURTKdscP84_AC0o5PE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2086369481</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Exfoliation, reduction, hybridization and polymerization mechanisms in one-step microwave-assist synthesis of nanocomposite nylon-6/graphene</title><source>ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>González-Morones, Pablo ; Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto ; Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador ; Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel ; Sáenz-Galindo, Aide ; Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio ; Ávila-Orta, Carlos A. ; Ziolo, Ronald F.</creator><creatorcontrib>González-Morones, Pablo ; Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto ; Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador ; Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel ; Sáenz-Galindo, Aide ; Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio ; Ávila-Orta, Carlos A. ; Ziolo, Ronald F.</creatorcontrib><description>Few if any reports exist that elucidate the phenomena that take place in the microwave-assist polymerization (MAP) of heterogeneous multi-component systems to form polymer nanohybrid composites. We elucidate the four distinct steps that take place during the in-situ MAP of Nylon-6 from ε-caprolactam and 6-aminocaproic in the presence of graphite oxide (GrO), which results in the formation of a reduced graphene oxide Nylon-6 nanohybrid in a one-step synthesis; exfoliation, reduction take place in <60 s; polymerization occurs after 60 s; hybridization during both periods. An increase in molecular weight and conversion of non-grafted Nylon-6 during hybridization takes place unlike in conventional in-situ polymerizations of Nylon-6/GrO where reduction of the MW is observed. It is also shown for the first time that the crystallization of grafted Nylon-6 in the hybrid exists in both α and γ phases. The grafted molecules represent 50 wt % of the hybrid.
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•Phenomena of the MAP of a heterogeneous multi-component system to form PNHC were elucidated.•A timeline was established for the exfoliation, reduction, polymerization and hybridization.•MAP was explained by initial dielectric heating of graphite oxide.•Graphite oxide and microwave parameters control nylon molecular weight.•Crystalline polymer nanohybrids of Nylon-6 and GrO can be obtained using MAP.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-3861</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.014</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Caprolactam ; Chemical synthesis ; Crystallization ; Exfoliation ; Gamma phase ; Grafting ; Graphene ; Hybridization ; Microwave polymerization ; Molecular weight ; Nanocomposites ; Nylon ; Nylon-6/graphene ; Polymer hybrid nanocomposites ; Polymer matrix composites ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Reduction</subject><ispartof>Polymer (Guilford), 2018-06, Vol.146, p.73-81</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 20, 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-55168cafa33bad69d577b22a8106f14a680a772d8d7a9ee1dde52c1c15f80c8e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-55168cafa33bad69d577b22a8106f14a680a772d8d7a9ee1dde52c1c15f80c8e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>González-Morones, Pablo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sáenz-Galindo, Aide</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ávila-Orta, Carlos A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziolo, Ronald F.</creatorcontrib><title>Exfoliation, reduction, hybridization and polymerization mechanisms in one-step microwave-assist synthesis of nanocomposite nylon-6/graphene</title><title>Polymer (Guilford)</title><description>Few if any reports exist that elucidate the phenomena that take place in the microwave-assist polymerization (MAP) of heterogeneous multi-component systems to form polymer nanohybrid composites. We elucidate the four distinct steps that take place during the in-situ MAP of Nylon-6 from ε-caprolactam and 6-aminocaproic in the presence of graphite oxide (GrO), which results in the formation of a reduced graphene oxide Nylon-6 nanohybrid in a one-step synthesis; exfoliation, reduction take place in <60 s; polymerization occurs after 60 s; hybridization during both periods. An increase in molecular weight and conversion of non-grafted Nylon-6 during hybridization takes place unlike in conventional in-situ polymerizations of Nylon-6/GrO where reduction of the MW is observed. It is also shown for the first time that the crystallization of grafted Nylon-6 in the hybrid exists in both α and γ phases. The grafted molecules represent 50 wt % of the hybrid.
[Display omitted]
•Phenomena of the MAP of a heterogeneous multi-component system to form PNHC were elucidated.•A timeline was established for the exfoliation, reduction, polymerization and hybridization.•MAP was explained by initial dielectric heating of graphite oxide.•Graphite oxide and microwave parameters control nylon molecular weight.•Crystalline polymer nanohybrids of Nylon-6 and GrO can be obtained using MAP.</description><subject>Caprolactam</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Exfoliation</subject><subject>Gamma phase</subject><subject>Grafting</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Hybridization</subject><subject>Microwave polymerization</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nylon</subject><subject>Nylon-6/graphene</subject><subject>Polymer hybrid nanocomposites</subject><subject>Polymer matrix composites</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><issn>0032-3861</issn><issn>1873-2291</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE1OwzAQhS0EEqVwBCRLbElqO7HjrhCq-JMqsYG15doT6qqxg50Wwhk4NCkta1YzmjfzRu9D6JKSnBIqJqu8Deu-gZgzQmVOeE5oeYRGVFZFxtiUHqMRIQXLCinoKTpLaUUIYZyVI_R991mHtdOdC_4aR7Abs2-X_SI6675-Fay9xYcnf6MGzFJ7l5qEncfBQ5Y6aHHjTAwfeguZTsmlDqfed0sYWhxq7LUPJjRtSK4D7Pt18JmYvEXdLsHDOTqp9TrBxaGO0ev93cvsMZs_PzzNbueZKaqyyzinQhpd66JYaCumllfVgjEtKRE1LbWQRFcVs9JWegpArQXODDWU15IYCcUYXe192xjeN5A6tQqb6IeXihEpCjEtJR22-H5rCJRShFq10TU69ooStQOvVurARO3AK8LVAH64u9nfwRBh6wY1GQfegHURTKdscP84_AC0o5PE</recordid><startdate>20180620</startdate><enddate>20180620</enddate><creator>González-Morones, Pablo</creator><creator>Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto</creator><creator>Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador</creator><creator>Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel</creator><creator>Sáenz-Galindo, Aide</creator><creator>Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio</creator><creator>Ávila-Orta, Carlos A.</creator><creator>Ziolo, Ronald F.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180620</creationdate><title>Exfoliation, reduction, hybridization and polymerization mechanisms in one-step microwave-assist synthesis of nanocomposite nylon-6/graphene</title><author>González-Morones, Pablo ; Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto ; Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador ; Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel ; Sáenz-Galindo, Aide ; Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio ; Ávila-Orta, Carlos A. ; Ziolo, Ronald F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-55168cafa33bad69d577b22a8106f14a680a772d8d7a9ee1dde52c1c15f80c8e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Caprolactam</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Crystallization</topic><topic>Exfoliation</topic><topic>Gamma phase</topic><topic>Grafting</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Hybridization</topic><topic>Microwave polymerization</topic><topic>Molecular weight</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nylon</topic><topic>Nylon-6/graphene</topic><topic>Polymer hybrid nanocomposites</topic><topic>Polymer matrix composites</topic><topic>Polymerization</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Reduction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>González-Morones, Pablo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sáenz-Galindo, Aide</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ávila-Orta, Carlos A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziolo, Ronald F.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Polymer (Guilford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>González-Morones, Pablo</au><au>Hernández-Hernández, Ernesto</au><au>Fernández-Tavizón, Salvador</au><au>Ledezma-Rodríguez, Raquel</au><au>Sáenz-Galindo, Aide</au><au>Cadenas-Pliego, Gregorio</au><au>Ávila-Orta, Carlos A.</au><au>Ziolo, Ronald F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exfoliation, reduction, hybridization and polymerization mechanisms in one-step microwave-assist synthesis of nanocomposite nylon-6/graphene</atitle><jtitle>Polymer (Guilford)</jtitle><date>2018-06-20</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>146</volume><spage>73</spage><epage>81</epage><pages>73-81</pages><issn>0032-3861</issn><eissn>1873-2291</eissn><abstract>Few if any reports exist that elucidate the phenomena that take place in the microwave-assist polymerization (MAP) of heterogeneous multi-component systems to form polymer nanohybrid composites. We elucidate the four distinct steps that take place during the in-situ MAP of Nylon-6 from ε-caprolactam and 6-aminocaproic in the presence of graphite oxide (GrO), which results in the formation of a reduced graphene oxide Nylon-6 nanohybrid in a one-step synthesis; exfoliation, reduction take place in <60 s; polymerization occurs after 60 s; hybridization during both periods. An increase in molecular weight and conversion of non-grafted Nylon-6 during hybridization takes place unlike in conventional in-situ polymerizations of Nylon-6/GrO where reduction of the MW is observed. It is also shown for the first time that the crystallization of grafted Nylon-6 in the hybrid exists in both α and γ phases. The grafted molecules represent 50 wt % of the hybrid.
[Display omitted]
•Phenomena of the MAP of a heterogeneous multi-component system to form PNHC were elucidated.•A timeline was established for the exfoliation, reduction, polymerization and hybridization.•MAP was explained by initial dielectric heating of graphite oxide.•Graphite oxide and microwave parameters control nylon molecular weight.•Crystalline polymer nanohybrids of Nylon-6 and GrO can be obtained using MAP.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.014</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0032-3861 |
| ispartof | Polymer (Guilford), 2018-06, Vol.146, p.73-81 |
| issn | 0032-3861 1873-2291 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2086369481 |
| source | ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Caprolactam Chemical synthesis Crystallization Exfoliation Gamma phase Grafting Graphene Hybridization Microwave polymerization Molecular weight Nanocomposites Nylon Nylon-6/graphene Polymer hybrid nanocomposites Polymer matrix composites Polymerization Polymers Reduction |
| title | Exfoliation, reduction, hybridization and polymerization mechanisms in one-step microwave-assist synthesis of nanocomposite nylon-6/graphene |
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